Question: How is a Pareto chart different from

> Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive. Then determine whether the events are independent or dependent. Explain your reasoning. Event A: A bowler having the highest game in a 40-game tournament Event B: Losing the bowling tournament

> Which event(s) in Exercise 2 can be considered unusual? Explain. From Exercise 2: The table shows the numbers (in thousands) of earned degrees by level in two different fields, conferred in the United States in a recent year. A person who earned a degr

> The table shows the numbers (in thousands) of earned degrees by level in two different fields, conferred in the United States in a recent year. A person who earned a degree in the year is randomly selected. Find the probability of selecting someone who

> The access code for a warehouse’s security system consists of six digits. The first digit cannot be 0 and the last digit must be even. How many access codes are possible?

> Identify the sampling technique used in each study. Explain your reasoning. a. A journalist asks people at a campground about air pollution. b. For quality assurance, every tenth machine part is selected from an assembly line and measured for accuracy.

> Use technology to create a. a stem-and-leaf plot, b. a dot plot, c. a pie chart, d. a frequency histogram, and e. an ogive for the data. Which graph displays the data best? Explain. 64 46 40 55 70 31 47 44 55 63 49 49 26 72 64 55 44

> An experiment is performed to test the effects of a new drug on high blood pressure. The experimenter identifies 320 people ages 35–50 years old with high blood pressure for participation in the experiment. The subjects are divided into equal groups acco

> Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. Explain. a. Researchers conduct a study to determine whether body mass index (BMI) influences mortality. To conduct the study, researchers obtained the BMIs of 3,951,455 people. b.

> Determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your reasoning. a. A list of badge numbers of police officers at a precinct b. The horsepowers of racing car engines c. The top 10 grossing films released in a year d. The years of birth for

> Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative. Explain. a. A list of debit card personal identification numbers b. The final scores on a video game

> Determine whether each number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. a. A survey of 1000 U.S. adults found that 52% think that the introduction of driverless cars will make roads less safe. b. At a college, 90%

> A study of the dietary habits of 359,264 Korean adolescents was conducted to find a link between dietary habits and school performance. Identify the population and the sample in the study.

> Which technique used in Exercise 7 could lead to a biased study? Explain.

> The numbers of regular season wins for each Major League Baseball team in 2016 are listed. Display the data using a box-and-whisker plot. 九的 四万

> Refer to the sample statistics from Exercise 5 and determine whether any of the house prices below are unusual. Explain your reasoning. a. $225,000 b. $80,000 c. $200,000 d. $147,000 From Exercise 5: The mean price of new homes from a sample

> The mean price of new homes from a sample of houses is $180,000 with a standard deviation of $15,000. The data set has a bell-shaped distribution. Using the Empirical Rule, between what two prices do 95% of the houses fall?

> The data sets at the left show the ages of all participants in two yoga classes. a. Make a back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot as described in Exercise 41 to display the data. b. What are the lowest and highest ages of participants in the 3:00&

> Weekly salaries (in dollars) for a sample of construction workers are listed. a. Find the mean, median, and mode of the salaries. Which best describes a typical salary? b. Find the range, variance, and standard deviation of the data set. c. Find the

> The elements with known properties can be classified as metals (57 elements), metalloids (7 elements), halogens (5 elements), noble gases (6 elements), rare earth elements (30 elements), and other nonmetals (7 elements). Display the data using (a) a pie

> Use frequency distribution formulas to approximate the sample mean and the sample standard deviation of the data set in Exercise 1.

> The data set represents the numbers of minutes a sample of 27 people exercise each week. a. Construct a frequency distribution for the data set using five classes. Include class limits, midpoints, boundaries, frequencies, relative frequencies, and cumul

> A person is selected at random from the sample in Exercise 4. Are the events “the student is in sixth grade” and “the student is enrolled in Minnesota” independent or dependent? Explain your reasoning.

> Which event(s) in Exercise 4 can be considered unusual? Explain your reasoning. From Exercise 4: The table shows the sixth, seventh, and eighth grade student enrollment levels (in thousands) in Minnesota and Ohio schools in a recent year. A student in

> The table shows the sixth, seventh, and eighth grade student enrollment levels (in thousands) in Minnesota and Ohio schools in a recent year. A student in one of the indicated grades and states is randomly selected. Find the probability of selecting a s

> Determine whether the events are mutually exclusive. Explain your reasoning. Event A: Randomly select a student born on the 30th of a month Event B: Randomly select a student with a birthday in February

> A security code consists of a person’s first and last initials and four digits. a. What is the probability of guessing a person’s code on the first try? b. What is the probability of not guessing a person’s code on the first try? c. You know a person’

> Sixty-five runners compete in a 10k race. Your school has 12 runners in the race. What is the probability that three runners from your school place first, second, and third?

> A back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot compares two data sets by using the same stems for each data set. Leaves for the first data set are on one side while leaves for the second data set are on the other side. The back-to-back stem-and-leaf plot at the left

> There are 16 students giving final presentations in your history course. a. Three students present per day. How many presentation orders are possible for the first day? b. Presentation subjects are based on the units of the course. Unit B is covered by

> Researchers surveyed 19,183 U.S. physicians, asking for the information below. location (region of the U.S.) income (dollars) employment status (private practice or an employee) benefits received (health insurance, liability coverage, etc.) speci

> Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording. a. How many hours of sleep do you get on a normal night? b. Do you agree that the town’s ban on skateboarding in parks is unfair?

> Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative, and determine the level of measurement of the data set. Explain your reasoning. a. The numbers of employees at fast-food restaurants in a city are listed. b. The grade point averages (GPAs) fo

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. a. Chosen at random, 200 male and 200 female high school students are asked about their plans after high school. b. Chosen at random, 625 customers at an ele

> Determine whether each number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain. a. A survey of 1003 U.S. adults ages 18 years and older found that 72% own a smartphone. b. In a recent year, the average evidence-based reading and writing sc

> Use the data set, which represents the points scored by each player on the Montreal Canadiens in the 2015–2016 NHL season. Construct a relative frequency histogram using the frequency distribution in Exercise 17. Then determine which c

> Use the data set, which represents the points scored by each player on the Montreal Canadiens in the 2015–2016 NHL season. Describe the shape of the distribution. 4. 22

> Use the data set, which represents the points scored by each player on the Montreal Canadiens in the 2015–2016 NHL season. Construct a frequency distribution for the data set using eight classes. Include class limits, midpoints, bounda

> A study shows that life expectancies for Americans have increased or remained stable every year for the past five years. a. Make an inference based on the results of the study. b. What is wrong with this type of reasoning?

> A misleading graph is not drawn appropriately, which can misrepresent data and lead to false conclusions. a. explain why the graph is misleading, and b. redraw the graph so that it is not misleading. U.S. Crude Oil Imports by

> Tail lengths (in feet) for a sample of American alligators are listed. a. Find the mean, median, and mode of the tail lengths. Which best describes a typical American alligator tail length? Explain your reasoning. b. Find the range, variance, and stand

> Five test scores are shown below. The first 4 test scores are 15% of the final grade, and the last test score is 40% of the final grade. Find the weighted mean of the test scores. 85 92 84 89 91

> The numbers of tornadoes by state in 2016 are listed. a. Draw a box-and-whisker plot that represents the data set and b. describe the shape of the distribution. 3 23 1 50 40 2 87 7 7 45 48 27 1 46 99 32 31 2 15 44 67 23 4 47 2 3 1 16 32 31 55 4 9 3

> Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative, and determine the level of measurement of the data set. The six top-earning states in 2015 by median household income are listed. 1. New Hampshire 2. Alaska 3. Maryland 4. Connecticut 5. Mi

> Determine whether the data are qualitative or quantitative, and determine the level of measurement of the data set. The numbers of stolen bases during the 2016 season for Chicago Cubs players who stole at least one base are listed. 2 8 3 2 13 12 6 2

> Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. Explain. In a study of 7847 children in grades 1 through 5, 15.5% have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

> Determine whether the study is an observational study or an experiment. Explain. To study the effect of using digital devices in the classroom on exam performance, researchers divided 726 undergraduate students into three groups, including a group that w

> Identify the population and the sample. A survey of 67,901 Americans ages 12 years or older found that 1.6% had used pain relievers for nonmedical purposes.

> Identify the population and the sample. A survey of 339 college and university admissions directors and enrollment officers found that 72% think their institution is losing potential applicants due to concerns about accumulating student loan debt.

> The mean annual salary for a sample of electrical engineers is $86,500, with a standard deviation of $1500. The data set has a bell-shaped distribution. a. Use the Empirical Rule to estimate the percent of electrical engineers whose annual salaries are

> Use the frequency polygon to identify the class with the greatest, and the class with the least, frequency. MCAT Scores for 90 Applicants 16 14 12 10 8 4 2 472 480 48 496 504 512 520 528 Score Frequency

> Determine whether the number is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning. In a survey of 1002 U.S. adults, 88% said that fake news has caused a great deal of confusion or some confusion.

> Determine whether the number is a parameter or a statistic. Explain your reasoning. In 2016, the median annual salary of a marketing account executive was $68,232.

> In 2016, a worldwide study of workplace fraud found that initial detections of fraud resulted from a tip (39.1%), an internal audit (16.5%), management review (13.4%), detection by accident (5.6%), account reconciliation (5.5%), surveillance/monitoring (

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. Using random digit dialing, researchers asked 1090 U.S. adults their level of education.

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. For quality assurance, every fortieth toothbrush is taken from each of four assembly lines and tested to make sure the bristles stay in the toothbrush.

> A psychologist shows a list of eight activities to a subject in an experiment. How many ways can the subject pick a first, second, and third activity?

> Use the minimum and maximum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits, and the upper class limits. min = 54, max = 247, 10 classes

> Use the minimum and maximum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits, and the upper class limits. min = 17, max = 135, 8 classes

> Use the minimum and maximum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits, and the upper class limits. min = 12, max = 88, 6 classes

> Use the minimum and maximum data entries and the number of classes to find the class width, the lower class limits, and the upper class limits. min = 9, max = 64, 7 classes

> A misleading graph is not drawn appropriately, which can misrepresent data and lead to false conclusions. a. explain why the graph is misleading, and b. redraw the graph so that it is not misleading. Sales for Company B 4th q

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. Class boundaries ensure that consecutive bars of a histogram touch.

> What are some benefits of representing data sets using frequency distributions? What are some benefits of using graphs of frequency distributions?

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. The method for selecting a stratified sample is to order a population in some way and then select members of the population at regular intervals.

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. A convenience sample is always representative of a population.

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. Using a systematic sample guarantees that members of each group within a population will be sampled.

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. A double-blind experiment is used to increase the placebo effect.

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. A placebo is an actual treatment.

> A study of 876 senior citizens shows that participants who exercise regularly exhibit less of a decline in cognitive ability than those who barely exercise at all. From this study, a researcher infers that your cognitive ability increases the more your e

> Determine whether the statement is true or false. If it is false, rewrite it as a true statement. A sample statistic will not change from sample to sample.

> How is a sample related to a population?

> A misleading graph is not drawn appropriately, which can misrepresent data and lead to false conclusions. a. explain why the graph is misleading, and b. redraw the graph so that it is not misleading. Results of a Survey 72 68

> Which part of the survey described in Exercise 32 represents the descriptive branch of statistics? What conclusions might be drawn from the survey using inferential statistics? From Exercise 32: A survey of 1254 preowned automobile shoppers found that 5

> Which part of the survey described in Exercise 31 represents the descriptive branch of statistics? What conclusions might be drawn from the survey using inferential statistics? From Exercise 31: A survey of 1029 U.S. adults found that 23% of those suffe

> Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. In a recent year, the average math score on the ACT for all graduates was 20.6.

> Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. A survey of 2008 U.S. adults found that 80% think that the militant group known as ISIS is a major threat to the well-being of the United States.

> Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. Voter registration records show that 87% of all voters in a county are registered as Democrats.

> What is replication in an experiment? Why is replication important?

> Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. In a survey of 400 computer users, 7% said their computers had malfunctions that needed to be repaired by service technicians.

> Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. In January 2016, 62% of the governors of the 50 states in the United States were Republicans.

> Determine whether the number describes a population parameter or a sample statistic. Explain your reasoning. Sixty-two of the 97 passengers aboard the Hindenburg airship survived its explosion.

> Design a study for some subject that is of interest to you. Answer parts (a)–(d) of Exercise 35 for this study. From Exercise 35: Find an article or a news story that describes a statistical study. a. Identify the population and the sample. b. Classif

> A misleading graph is not drawn appropriately, which can misrepresent data and lead to false conclusions. a. explain why the graph is misleading, and b. redraw the graph so that it is not misleading. Sales for Company A 120-

> Find an article or a news story that describes a statistical study. a. Identify the population and the sample. b. Classify the data as qualitative or quantitative. Determine the level of measurement. c. Is the study an observational study or an experi

> Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording. How does the media influence the opinions of voters?

> Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording. How much do you exercise during an average week?

> Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording. Why does text messaging while driving increase the risk of a crash?

> Determine whether the survey question is biased. If the question is biased, suggest a better wording. Why does eating whole-grain foods improve your health?

> Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, determine which sampling technique you would use. Explain. The most popular type of movie among 100,000 online movie rental subscribers

> What is the difference between a random sample and a simple random sample?

> Determine whether you would take a census or use a sampling. If you would use a sampling, determine which sampling technique you would use. Explain. The average age of the 115 residents of a retirement community

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. From calls made with randomly generated telephone numbers, 1012 respondents are asked if they rent or own their residences.

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. Soybeans are planted on a 48-acre field. The field is divided into one-acre subplots. A sample is taken from each subplot to estimate the harvest.

> Display the data below in a pie chart. Describe the differences in how the Pareto chart and the pie chart show patterns in the data. Favorite Day of the Week Day Number of people Sun.- "uns Wed. Tues. Mon.

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. Every tenth person entering a mall is asked to name his or her favorite store.

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. After a hurricane, a disaster area is divided into 200 equal grids. Thirty of the grids are selected, and every occupied household in the grid is interviewed t

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. Questioning university students as they leave a fraternity party, a researcher asks 463 students about their study habits.

> Identify the sampling technique used, and discuss potential sources of bias (if any). Explain. Selecting employees at random from an employee directory, researchers contact 300 people and ask what obstacles (such as computer problems) keep them from acco

> Volunteers for an experiment are numbered from 1 to 90. The volunteers are to be randomly assigned to two different treatment groups. Use a random number generator different from the one you used in Exercise 21 to choose 45 subjects for the treatment gro

> A researcher wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on motor skills. Eighteen people volunteer for the experiment: Jake, Maria, Mike, Lucy, Ron, Adam, Bridget, Carlos, Steve, Susan, Vanessa, Rick, Dan, Kate, Pete, Judy, Mary, and Connie. Use a r