Question: In Problem 7, a fire destroys some

> Jorgansen Lighting, Inc., manufactures heavy-duty street lighting systems for municipalities. The company uses variable costing for internal management reports and absorption costing for external reports to shareholders, creditors, and the government. Th

> Refer to the data in Brief Exercise 5A–1 for Ida Sidha Karya Company. The absorption costing income statement prepared by the company’s accountant for last year appears below (all currency values are in thousands of rupiahs): Sales.......................

> Far North Telecom, Ltd., of Ontario, has organized a new division to manufacture and sell specialty cellular telephones. The division’s monthly costs are shown below: Manufacturing costs: Variable costs per unit: Direct materials.........................

> Tami Tyler opened Tami’s Creations, Inc., a small manufacturing company, at the beginning of the year. Getting the company through its first quarter of operations placed a considerable strain on Ms. Tyler’s personal fi

> What is the basic difference between absorption costing and variable costing?

> Ida Sidha Karya Company is a family-owned company located in the village of Gianyar on the island of Bali in Indonesia. The company produces a handcrafted Balinese musical instrument called a gamelan that is similar to a xylophone. The sounding bars are

> Refer to the data for Lakeshore Hotel in Exercise 5–8. In Exercise 5–8 The Lakeshore Hotel’s guest-days of occupancy and custodial supplies expense over the last seven months were: Guest-days is a

> The Lakeshore Hotel’s guest-days of occupancy and custodial supplies expense over the last seven months were: Guest-days is a measure of the overall activity at the hotel. For example, a guest who stays at the hotel For three days is

> Hoi Chong Transport, Ltd., operates a fleet of delivery trucks in Singapore. The company has determined that if a truck is driven 105,000 kilometers during a year, the average operating cost is 11.4 cents per kilometer. If a truck is driven only 70,000 k

> The following data relating to units shipped and total shipping expense have been assembled by Archer Company, a wholesaler of large, custom-built air-conditioning units for commercial buildings: Required: 1. Using the high-low method, estimate a cost

> Harris Company manufactures and sells a single product. A partially completed schedule of the company’s total and per unit costs over the relevant range of 30,000 to 50,000 units produced and sold annually is given below: Required: 1.

> The Alpine House, Inc., is a large retailer of winter sports equipment. An income statement for the company’s Ski Department for a recent quarter is presented below: Skis sell, on the average, for $750 per pair. Variable selling expen

> The Cheyenne Hotel in Big Sky, Montana, has accumulated records of the total electrical costs of the hotel and the number of occupancy-days over the last year. An occupancy-day represents a room rented out for one day. The hotel’s busin

> Oki Products, Ltd., has observed the following processing costs at various levels of activity over the last 15 months: Required: 1. Prepare a scatter graph using the above data. Plot cost on the vertical axis and activity on the horizontal axis. Fit a

> Nova Company’s total overhead cost at various levels of activity are presented below: Assume that the total overhead cost above consists of utilities, supervisory salaries, and maintenance. The breakdown of these costs at the 60,000 m

> Classify the following fixed costs as normally being either committed or discretionary: a. Depreciation on buildings. b. Advertising. c. Research. d. Long-term equipment leases. e. Pension payments to the company’s retirees. f. Management development and

> Benoit Company produces three products, A, B, and C. Data concerning the three products follow (per unit): Demand for the company’s products is very strong, with far more orders each month than the company can produce with the availab

> Draw a graph of the relationship between the revenue per theatre on the y -axis and the number of theatres on the x -axis. Describe the relationship. Reven The unbe dolan Movia peh The LEGO Movte 3,775 2,253 3372 3,083 $16,551 Abeus Lasu Nighe RoboCa

> Apple Inc. decides to make iTunes freely available in unlimited quantities. a. Does Apple’s decision change the incentives that people face? b. Is Apple’s decision an example of a microeconomic or a macroeconomic issue?

> Which of the following pairs does not match? a. Labour and wages b. Land and rent c. Entrepreneurship and profit d. Capital and profit

> List some examples of the scarcity that you face.

> An island economy produces only fish and crabs. Calculate the island’s chained-dollar real GDP in 2014 expressed in 2013 dollars. Ouantiten Fish Crabs 2013 2014 1,000 tonnes 1,100 tonnes 500 tonnes 525 tonnes Prices Fish Crabs 2013

> Tropical Republic produces only bananas and coconuts. The base year is 2013. Calculate real GDP in 2014 in base-year prices. 2013 800 bunches 900 bunches Quanfife 2014 Banans Cocomuts á00 bunches 5o0 bunches ricn Banana 2014 $2 a bunch $á a bunch $1

> Tropical Republic produces only bananas and coconuts. The base year is 2013. Calculate nominal GDP in 2013 and 2014. 2013 800 bunches 900 bunches Quanfife 2014 Banans Cocomuts á00 bunches 5o0 bunches ricn Banana 2014 $2 a bunch $á a bunch $10 a bunc

> Real GDP grew 1 percent in 2013. Business investment increased 3.2 percent, exports grew 1.6 percent, and imports rose by 2.2 percent. Use the flows in the figure below to identify each flow in the news clip. How can GDP have grown by only 1 percent wi

> Use the following data to calculate aggregate expenditure and imports of goods and services: ■ Government expenditure: $20 billion ■ Aggregate income: $100 billion ■ Consumption expenditure: $67 billion ■ Investment: $21 billion ■ Exports of goods and se

> Use the following figure, which illustrates the circular flow model. During 2014, flow A was $13.0 billion, flow B was $9.1 billion, flow D was $3.3 billion, and flow E was –$0.8 billion. Calculate (i) GDP and (ii) government expendi

> Classify each of the following items as a final good or service or an intermediate good or service and identify each item as a component of consumption expenditure, investment, or government expenditure on goods and services: ■ Banking services bought by

> Explain why real GDP might be an unreliable indicator of the standard of living.

> What is PPP and how does it help us to make valid international comparisons of real GDP

> What is a business cycle and what are its phases and turning points?

> Distinguish between real GDP and potential GDP and describe how each grows over time.

> Why does GDP equal aggregate income and also equal aggregate expenditure?

> Define GDP and distinguish between a final good and an intermediate good. Provide examples

> Use the information in Problem 20 to calculate the chained-dollar real GDP in 2014 expressed in 2013 dollars. Problem 20: An economy produces only apples and oranges. The base year is 2013, and the table gives the quantities produced and the prices.

> GDP has proved useful in tracking both shortterm fluctuations and long-run growth. Which isn’t to say GDP doesn’t miss some things. Amartya Sen, at Harvard, helped create the United Nations’ Human Development Index, which combines health and education da

> Answer the following questions. a. Which economy—the Canadian or the U.S.—had the longer and deeper recession in 2008–2009? b. Which economy—the Canadian or the U.S.—had the lower estimated growth rate of potential GDP? c. Why does the news article descr

> India, with the world’s largest population of poor people, created millionaires at the fastest pace in the world in 2007. India added another 23,000 millionaires in 2007 to its 2006 tally of 100,000 millionaires measured in dollars. That is 1 millionaire

> News clip in Problem 22 is as follows: China’s gross domestic product grew 11.4 percent last year and marked a fifth year of double-digit growth. The increase was especially remarkable given that the United States is experiencing a slowdown due to the su

> Oxford analysts report that living standards in Britain are set to rise above those in America for the first time since the nineteenth century. Real GDP per person in Britain will be £23,500 this year, compared with £23,250 in America, but also the U.K.

> The United Nations’ Human Development Index (HDI) is based on real GDP per person, life expectancy at birth, and indicators of the quality and quantity of education. a. Explain why the HDI might be better than real GDP as a measure of economic welfare. b

> An economy produces only apples and oranges. The base year is 2013, and the table gives the quantities produced and the prices. Calculate real GDP in 2013 and 2014 expressed in base-year prices. Quantities 2013 2014 Apples Oranges 60 160 80 220 Pric

> An economy produces only apples and oranges. The base year is 2013, and the table gives the quantities produced and the prices. Calculate nominal GDP in 2013 and 2014. Quantities 2013 2014 Apples Oranges 60 160 80 220 Pricu Apples Oranges 2013 $0.50

> Boeing is producing some components of its new 787 Dreamliner in Japan and is assembling it in the United States. Much of the first year’s production will be sold to ANA (All Nippon Airways), a Japanese airline. Explain how ANA’s activities and its trans

> Boeing is producing some components of its new 787 Dreamliner in Japan and is assembling it in the United States. Much of the first year’s production will be sold to ANA (All Nippon Airways), a Japanese airline. Explain how Boeing’s activities and its tr

> The components and robots for Toyota’s auto assembly lines in Canada are built in Japan. Toyota assembles cars for the Canadian market in Ontario. Explain where these activities appear in Canada’s National Income and Expenditure Accounts.

> In 2014, flow D was $2 trillion, flow E was –$1 trillion, flow A was $10 trillion, and flow C was $4 trillion. Calculate consumption expenditure. HOUSEHOLDS GOVEM TACTOR MAS MARKITS EEST or WORLD EMS

> In 2013, flow A was $1,000 billion, flow C was $250 billion, flow B was $650 billion, and flow E was $50 billion. Calculate investment. HOUSEHOLDS GOVEM TACTOR MAS MARKITS EEST or WORLD EMS

> Classify each of the following items as a final good or service or an intermediate good or service and identify which is a component of consumption expenditure, investment, or government expenditure on goods and services: ■ Banking services bought by Lob

> The following events occur one at a time: (i) The price of crude oil rises. (ii) The price of a car rises. (iii) All speed limits on highways are abolished. (iv) Robots cut car production costs. Explain the effect of each of these events on the market fo

> The demand and supply schedules for gum are: a. Suppose that the price of gum is 70¢ a pack. Describe the situation in the gum market and explain how the price adjusts. b. Suppose that the price of gum is 30¢ a pack. Describe the

> Dairies make low-fat milk from full-cream milk, and in the process they produce cream, which is made into ice cream. The following events occur one at a time: (i) The wage rate of dairy workers rises. (ii) The price of cream rises. (iii) The price of low

> In 2013, the price of corn fell and some corn farmers switched from growing corn in 2014 to growing soybeans. a. Does this fact illustrate the law of demand or the law of supply? Explain your answer. b. Why would a corn farmer grow soybeans?

> Which of the following goods are likely substitutes and which are likely complements? (You may use an item more than once.) coal, oil, natural gas, wheat, corn, pasta, pizza, sausage, skateboard, roller blades, video game, laptop, iPad, cellphone, text m

> The price of food increased during the past year. a. Explain why the law of demand applies to food just as it does to other goods and services. b. Explain how the substitution effect influences food purchases when the price of food rises and other things

> In April 2014, the money price of a litre of milk was $2.01 and the money price of a litre of gasoline was $1.30. Calculate the real price of a litre of gasoline in terms of milk.

> What is the effect on the price and quantity of MP3 players (such as the iPod) if: Any two of the events in questions 1 and 2 occur together? (Draw the diagrams!).

> What is the effect on the price and quantity of MP3 players (such as the iPod) if: More firms produce MP3 players or electronics workers’ wages rise? (Draw the diagrams!).

> What is the effect on the price and quantity of MP3 players (such as the iPod) if: The price of a PC falls or the price of an MP3 download rises? (Draw the diagrams!).

> Why is the equilibrium price the best deal available for both buyers and sellers?

> List all the influences on selling plans, and for each influence, say whether it changes supply.

> What is the law of supply and how do we illustrate it?

> List all the influences on buying plans that change demand, and for each influence, say whether it increases or decreases demand.

> What does the demand curve tell us about the price that consumers are willing to pay?

> What is the law of demand and how do we illustrate it?

> What is the distinction between a money price and a relative price?

> Answer the following questions. a. What would happen to the price of bananas if TR4 spread to Central America? b. What are some of the substitutes for bananas and what would happen to demand, supply, price, and quantity in the markets for these items if

> In the past year, the price of dry-cleaning solvent doubled. More than 4,000 dry cleaners across the United States disappeared as budget-conscious consumers cut back. This year the price of hangers used by dry cleaners is expected to double. a. Explain t

> Cinemas are raising the price of popcorn. Demand for field corn, which is used for animal feed, corn syrup, and ethanol, has increased and its price has exploded. That’s caused some farmers to shift from growing popcorn to easier-to-grow field corn. Expl

> Shoppers bought strawberries in March for $1.25 a pound rather than the $3.49 a pound they paid last year. With the price so low, some growers removed their strawberry plants to make way for spring melons; others froze their harvests and sold them to jui

> In Problem 20, a new dip increases the quantity of potato chips that people want to buy by 30 million bags per week at each price. a. Does the demand for chips change? Does the supply of chips change? Describe the change. b. How do the equilibrium price

> The demand and supply schedules for potato chips are: a. Draw a graph of the potato chip market and mark in the equilibrium price and quantity. b. If the price is 60¢ a bag, is there a shortage or a surplus, and how does the price adjust?

> a. If the price of a pizza is $12, is there a shortage or a surplus and does the price rise or fall? b. Buyers want to pay the lowest possible price, so why would they be willing to pay more than $12 for a pizza? 16 14 12 200 AD0 100 200 Guantily pir

> a. Label the curves. Which curve shows the willingness to pay for a pizza? b. If the price of a pizza is $16, is there a shortage or a surplus and does the price rise or fall? c. Sellers want to receive the highest possible price, so why would they be wi

> With the new way to tap maple trees, farmers could produce 10 times as much maple syrup per acre. Will the new method change the supply of maple syrup or the quantity supplied of maple syrup, other things remaining the same? Explain.

> When a timber mill makes logs from trees it also produces sawdust, which is used to make plywood. a. Explain how a rise in the price of sawdust influences the supply of logs. b. Explain how a rise in the price of sawdust influences the supply of plywood.

> Classify the following pairs of goods and services as substitutes in production, complements in production, or neither. a. Bottled water and health club memberships b. French fries and baked potatoes c. Leather boots and leather shoes d. Hybrids and SUVs

> Think about the demand for the three game consoles: Xbox One, PlayStation 4, and Wii U. Explain the effect of each of the following events on the demand for Xbox One games and the quantity of Xbox One games demanded, other things remaining the same. The

> The price of gasoline has increased during the past year. a. Explain why the law of demand applies to gasoline just as it does to all other goods and services. b. Explain how the substitution effect influences gasoline purchases and provide some examples

> The money price of a textbook is $90 and the money price of the Wii game Super Mario Galaxy is $45. a. What is the opportunity cost of a textbook in terms of the Wii game? b. What is the relative price of the Wii game in terms of textbooks?

> What are the gains from specialization and trade?

> Why do people specialize and trade?

> Distinguish between comparative advantage and absolute advantage.

> What gives a person a comparative advantage?

> What are the flows in the market economy that go from firms to households and the flows from households to firms?

> Why are social institutions such as firms, markets, property rights, and money necessary?

> What is the opportunity cost of economic growth?

> What conditions must be satisfied if resources are used efficiently?

> What is allocative efficiency and how does it relate to the production possibilities frontier?

> What is marginal benefit? How is it measured?

> What is marginal cost? How is it measured?

> Why does the PPF bow outward and what does that imply about the relationship between opportunity cost and the quantity produced?

> Why is opportunity cost a ratio?

> Inexpensive broadband access has created a generation of television producers for whom the Internet is their native medium. As they redirect the focus from TV to computers, cellphones, and iPods, the video market is developing into an open digital networ

> Answer the following questions. a. How does the discovery of new oil and gas reserves change Canada’s PPF? b. How do technological advances in the production of other goods and services change Canada’s PPF? c. How are Husky’s discoveries changing Canada’

> The table describes the preferences in Yucatan. a. What is the marginal benefit from sunscreen and how is it measured? b. Use the table in Problem 11. What does Yucatan produce to achieve allocative efficiency? Wileg p (klogrom d loed pe Suraaren pe

> In Problem 11, what is the marginal cost of 1 kilogram of food in Yucatan when the quantity produced is 150 kilograms per day? What is special about the marginal cost of food in Yucatan? Problem 11: Suppose that Yucatan’s production po

> Suppose that Yucatan’s production possibilities are: What feature of a PPF illustrates increasing opportunity cost? Explain why Yucatan’s opportunity cost does or does not increase. Food Suracreen kkgam pe no fu p

> Suppose that Yucatan’s production possibilities are: a. Draw a graph of Yucatan’s PPF and explain how your graph illustrates a tradeoff. b. If Yucatan produces 150 kilograms of food per month, how much sunscreen must

> For 50 years, Cuba has had a centrally planned economy in which the government makes the big decisions on how resources will be allocated. a. Why would you expect Cuba’s production possibilities (per person) to be smaller than those of Canada? b. What ar