In the three-schema architecture: a. The view of a manager or other type of user is called the schema. b. The view of the data architect or data administrator is called the schema. c. The view of the database administrator is called the schema.
> Does normalization place any constraint on the storage of data in physical form or on its processing performance? Explain.
> Define each of the following terms: a. determinant b. functional dependency c. transitive dependency d. recursive foreign key e. normalization f. composite key g. candidate key h. normal form i. partial functional dependency j. enterprise key k. surrogat
> Martin is encouraged by the progress you have made so far. As promised, he forwards you an email from one of the key members of his staff, Pat Smith (an artist manager). He also provide you with an e-mail from Shannon Howard, a prospective artist who mig
> What types of business rules are normally captured in an EER diagram?
> What is a completeness constraint, and what are the total and partial specialization rules?
> What is attribute inheritance? Why is it important?
> Explain how specialization and generalization assist in the development of supertype/subtype relationships.
> Explain the need for EER modeling.
> Discuss the notations used to represent EER models. Which notation is the most widely used?
> Contrast the following terms: a. supertype; subtype b. generalization; specialization c. disjoint rule; overlap rule d. total specialization rule; partial specialization rule e. PARTY; PARTY ROLE f. entity; entity cluster
> Match the following terms and definitions: - supertype - entity cluster - subtype - specialization - subtype discriminator - attribute inheritance - generalization a. subset of supertype b. creating a supertype for entity types c. subtype gets supertype
> When is a member of a supertype always a member of at least one subtype?
> Why must the minimum cardinality next to SUPPLIES from PURCHASED PART be one yet the minimum cardinality next to SUPPLIES from SUPPLIER may be zero?
> Martin is encouraged by the progress you have made so far. As promised, he forwards you an email from one of the key members of his staff, Pat Smith (an artist manager). He also provide you with an e-mail from Shannon Howard, a prospective artist who mig
> Discuss how it is decided which subtype will be inserted with a new instance of a supertype.
> Does a data modeling project using a packaged data model require less or greater skill than a project not using a packaged data model? Why or why not?
> Purchasing a packaged data model involves mapping. What is mapping? What are the points you need to consider in mapping?
> In what ways is starting a data modeling project with a packaged data model different from starting a data modeling project with a clean sheet of paper?
> How are the attributes assigned in a supertype/subtype hierarchy?
> Give an example of generalization not discussed in the text.
> Define each of the following terms: a. supertype b. subtype c. specialization d. entity cluster e. completeness constraint f. enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model g. supertype/subtype hierarchy h. total specialization rule i. generalization j. disjoi
> What is the need for time stamping in modeling time dependent data?
> State the differences between a term and a fact.
> State six general guidelines for naming data objects in a data model.
> Martin is encouraged by the progress you have made so far. As promised, he forwards you an email from one of the key members of his staff, Pat Smith (an artist manager). He also provide you with an e-mail from Shannon Howard, a prospective artist who mig
> What are the characteristics of good business rules?
> Give four reasons why a business rules approach is advocated as a new paradigm for specifying information systems requirements.
> Give four reasons why many system designers believe that data modeling is important and arguably the most important part of the systems development process.
> Contrast the following terms: a. stored attribute; derived attribute b. minimum cardinality; maximum cardinality c. entity type; relationship type d. strong entity type; weak entity type e. degree; cardinality f. required attribute; optional attribute g.
> Why is time stamping considered an important part of the data modeling process?
> Explain any two characteristics of a good business rule.
> For the Manages relationship in Figure 2-12a, describe one or more situations that would result in different cardinalities on the two ends of this unary relationship. Based on your description for this example, do you think it is always clear simply from
> Match the following terms and definitions. - composite attribute - associative entity - unary relationship - weak entity - attribute - entity - relationship type - cardinality constraint - degree - identifier - entity type - ternary - optional attribute
> Why is data modeling considered more important than process modeling?
> What are the special guidelines for naming relationships?
> Interview a DB analyst or systems administrator in your university or at a local company that has adopted a packaged data model. Discuss how they adopted the model. What was the process of customization or mapping involved? Was the process complex? What
> State a rule that says when to extract an attribute from one entity type and place it in a linked entity type.
> Discuss why the E-R model is a popular modeling tool.
> Provide examples (other than those described in this chapter) of multiple relationships, and explain why these examples best represent this type of relationship. Discuss the role of identifiers in modeling this relationship.
> Give an example (other than those described in this chapter) for each of the following, and justify your answer: a. derived attribute b. multivalued attribute c. atomic attribute d. composite attribute e. composite identifier attribute f. optional attrib
> State the guidelines for naming entity types. Discuss why organizations customize a purchased data model.
> The chapter makes a distinction between a required attribute and an optional attribute. Illustrate a required attribute with a relevant example.
> When should an attribute be linked to an entity via a relationship?
> Discuss the main guidelines for defining relationships.
> Define each of the following terms: a. entity type b. entity-relationship model c. entity instance d. attribute e. relationship type f. strong entity type g. multivalued attribute h. associative entity i. cardinality constraint j. weak entity k. binary r
> Explain some of the advantages of large databases that organizations can benefit from considering how the amount of data processed and stored in databases will increase in the future.
> There are other extensions to ER notation than just supertype/subtype relationships. Use the Internet to search for such extensions. One mentioned in the text is aggregation. Look for its examples on the Internet. Report your findings and state the exten
> Why might Pine Valley Furniture Company need a data warehouse?
> Revisit the section titled “Developing a Database Application for Pine Valley Furniture Company.” What phase(s) of the database development process (Figure 1-9) do the activities that Chris performs in the following subsections correspond to: a. Project
> Explain the differences between user views, a conceptual schema, and an internal schema as different perspectives of the same database.
> Explain why certain business environments favor specific database development methodologies. Highlight the pros and cons of each methodology and the differences in the approaches to database development. Do those differences have any impact on the design
> How does the use of an agile methodology affect decisions regarding data management?
> In which of the five phases of the SDLC do database development activities occur?
> Name the five phases of the traditional systems development life cycle and explain the purpose and deliverables of each phase.
> What differentiates data lakes from traditional data warehouses?
> Specify the difference between database solutions supporting enterprise databases and departmental multitiered databases.
> What is the purpose of designing an enterprise data model? How is it different from the design of a particular database?
> A relationship is established between any pair of entities in an enterprise data model. Explain why a relationship is necessary.
> Figure 1-5 specifies categories for Operational and Informational data management systems. Describe the main difference between these two categories.
> A database is referred to as “an organized collection of logically related data.” What does “related data” mean? Why must data be related?
> List five costs or risks associated with the database approach.
> List 10 potential benefits of the database approach over conventional file systems.
> Table 4-3 contains sample data for parts and for vendors who supply those parts. In discussing these data with users, we find that part numbers (but not descriptions) uniquely identify parts and that vendor names uniquely identify vendors. a. Convert thi
> For your answers to the following Problems and Exercises from prior chapters, transform the EER diagrams into a set of relational schemas, diagram the functional dependencies, and convert all the relations to third normal form: a. Chapter 2, Problem and
> For each of the following relations, indicate the normal form for that relation. If the relation is not in third normal form, decompose it into 3NF relations. Functional dependencies (other than those implied by the primary key) are shown where appropria
> For each of the following EER diagrams from Chapter 3: I. Transform the diagram into a relational schema that shows referential integrity constraints. II. For each relation, diagram the functional dependencies. III. If any of the relations are not in 3NF
> For each of the following E-R diagrams from Chapter 2: I. Transform the diagram to a relational schema that shows referential integrity constraints. II. For each relation, diagram the functional dependencies. III. If any of the relations are not in 3NF,
> Visit your local library and observe the library users and librarians at work. Ask a librarian how the library records and stores its information about its borrowers, books, and loans. Based on this information, determine whether the library’s business r
> What problems may be encountered when developing new programs without designing a database management system?
> Add the following to Figure 3-16: An EMPLOYMENT party relationship is further explained by the positions and assignments to positions during the time a person is employed. A position is defined by an organization unit, and a unit may define many position
> Draw an EER diagram for the following problem: A university is looking to more effectively manage lecture and student appointments. It is currently unable to determine how much time lecturers are devoting to student appointments and consultation and woul
> The description for DocIT explained that there were to be data in the database about people who are not patients but are related to patients. Also, it is possible for some staff members to be patients or to be related to patients. And, some staff members
> Based on the EER diagram constructed for Problem and Exercise 3-34, develop a sample definition for each entity type, attribute, and relationship in the diagram. Data from Problem and Exercise 3-34: Develop an EER model for the following situation using
> Develop an EER model for the following situation using the traditional EER notation, the Visio notation, or the subtypes inside supertypes notation, as specified by your instructor: Wally Los Gatos and his partner Henry Chordate have formed a new limited
> Draw an EER diagram for the following problem: AmazingMemories, a travel agency, specializes in holidays to Southeast Asia. It provides bespoke holidays that are set up and handled by an agency rep. Each rep creates a new booking, which has an ID, hotel,
> Draw an EER diagram for the following problem using this text’s EER notation, the Visio notation, or the subtypes inside supertypes notation, as specified by your instructor: In a typical university, people occupy one or more roles. There are students, e
> Refer to your answer to Problem and Exercise 3-24. Develop entity clusters for this E-R diagram and redraw the diagram using the entity clusters. Explain why you chose the entity clusters you used. Data from Problem and Exercise 3-24: Refer to Problem a
> Refer to your answer to Problem and Exercise 2-44 in Chapter 2. Develop entity clusters for the final version of this E-R diagram and redraw the diagram using the entity clusters. Explain why you chose the entity clusters you used. Data from Problem and
> An institute’s students participate in three types of sports events: long jump, discus throw, and the 100-meter race. The following attributes are recorded for each event: Long Jump: Student Roll Number, Name, House, Age, Recorded Jump Discus Throw: Stud
> Observe the kind of people who work in your college or university. Interview an official who collects data on these people. Ask about the attributes on which data is collected. Is there a supertype/subtype relationship in this scenario? Apply generalizat
> An electronics goods store has devices such as mobile phones, laptops, televisions, and refrigerators for sale. a. Is it possible to apply a supertype/subtype hierarchy to this situation? How? b. Construct an EER diagram. Which specialization rule (compl
> Refer to Problem and Exercise 2-44 in Chapter 2, Part f. Redraw the ERD for your answer to this exercise using appropriate supertypes and subtypes. Data from Problem and Exercise 2-44: Virtual Campus (VC) is a social media firm that specializes in creat
> Figure 3-13 shows the development of entity clusters for the Pine Valley Furniture E-R diagram. In Figure 3-13b, explain the following: a. Why is the minimum cardinality next to the DOES BUSINESS IN associative entity coming from CUSTOMER zero? b. What w
> Draw an ERD for the following situation. (State any assumptions you believe you have to make in order to develop a complete diagram.) Also, draw a data model for this situation using the tool you have been told to use in your course: The A. M. Honka Scho
> Draw an ERD for the following situation. (State any assumptions you believe you have to make in order to develop a complete diagram.) Also, draw a data model for this situation using the tool you have been told to use in your course: Stillwater Antiques
> Draw an ERD diagram for the following situation: The Sensing Building Company (SBC) installs wireless microsensors throughout buildings and building campuses to give building managers, maintenance personnel, and others real-time data about the status of
> Draw an ERD for the following situation, which is based on Lapowsky (2016): The Miami-Dade County, Florida, court system believes that jail populations can be reduced, reincarceration rates lowered, and court system costs lessened and, most important, th
> After completing a course in database management, you are asked to develop a preliminary ERD for a gym database. The entity types that should be included are as shown in Table 2-3. During further discussions you discover the following: •
> Virtual Campus (VC) is a social media firm that specializes in creating virtual meeting places for students, faculty, staff, and others associated with different college campuses. VC was started as a student project in a database class at Cyber Universit
> It was argued that the Received and Summarizes relationships and TREASURER entity were not necessary. Within the context of this explanation, this is true. Now, consider a slightly different situation. Suppose it is necessary, for compliance purposes (e.
> Consider the following statement and translate it into SQL: Show me the “First Name,” “Last Name,” and “Company Name” fields from the “Contacts” table where the “City” field contains “Kansas City” and the “First Name” field starts with “R.”
> Each semester, each student must be assigned an adviser who counsels students about degree requirements and helps students register for classes. Each student must register for classes with the help of an adviser, but if the student’s assigned adviser is
> The management department at Scholars University holds workshops annually in collaboration with two other universities. The department wishes to create a database with the following entities and attributes: • Faculty delivering the workshop: FacultyID, N
> Star Hoist is owned by Darth and his wife Ella Vader. The company has had its ups and downs since Darth and Ella built it from the ground up several years ago. The company had some initial difficulties when Darth’s brother, Tacksi, was their accountant a
> Draw an ERD for each of the following situations. (If you believe that you need to make additional assumptions, clearly state them for each situation.) Draw the same situation using the tool you have been told to use in the course. a. A company has a num
> Review Figure 2-8 and Figure 2-22. a. Identify any attributes in Figure 2-22 that might be composite attributes but are not shown that way. Justify your suggestions. Redraw the ERD to reflect any changes you suggest. b. Identify any attributes in Figure
> Modify Figure 2-11b to model the following additional information requirements: The training director decides for each employee who completes each class, what course, if any, that employee should take next. The training director needs to keep track of a
> Figure 2-28 shows two diagrams (A and B), both of which are legitimate ways to represent that a stock has a history of many prices. Which of the two diagrams do you consider a better way to model this situation and why?
> Figure 2-27 represents members of a library issuing books and returning them to the library. The members can be students, staff, or faculty, and their details are stored in the Member entity. A member can issue no more than 10 books. All the details on b
> The Is Married To relationship would seem to have an obvious answer in Problem and Exercise 2-33d—that is, until time plays a role in modeling data. Draw a data model for the PERSON entity type and the Is Married To relationship for eac
