Prove the identity. (cosh x + sinh x)n = cosh nx 1 sinh nx (n any real number)
> (a) The curve with equation y2 = x3 + 3x2 is called the Tschirnhausen cubic. Find an equation of the tangent line to this curve at the point (1, -2). (b) At what points does this curve have horizontal tangents? (c) Illustrate parts (a) and (b) by graphin
> Let T and N be the tangent and normal lines to the ellipse x2/9 + y2/4 = 1 at any point P on the ellipse in the first quadrant. Let xT and yT be the x- and y-intercepts of T and xN and yN be the intercepts of N. As P moves along the ellipse in the first
> Find y’’ by implicit differentiation. x2 + 4y2 = 4
> An equation of motion of the form s = Ae-ct cos( ωt + δ) represents damped oscillation of an object. Find the velocity and acceleration of the object.
> Find a parabola y = ax2 + bx + c that passes through the point (1, 4) and whose tangent lines at x = -1 and x = 5 have slopes 6 and -2, respectively.
> (a) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve y = ex that is parallel to the line x - 4y = 1. (b) Find an equation of the tangent to the curve y = ex that passes through the origin.
> At what point on the curve y = [ln(x + 4)]2 is the tangent horizontal?
> Show by implicit differentiation that the tangent to the ellipse x2 / a2 + y2 / b2 = 1 at the point (x0, y0) is x0x/a2 + y0y/b2 = 1
> (a) Graph the function f (x) = x - 2 sin x in the viewing rectangle [0, 8] by [-2, 8]. (b) On which interval is the average rate of change larger: [1, 2] or [2, 3]? (c) At which value of x is the instantaneous rate of change larger: x = 2 or x = 5? (d) C
> Find h’ in terms of f ’ and g’. h(x) = f (g(sin 4x))
> The figure shows a rotating wheel with radius 40 cm and a connecting rod AP with length 1.2 m. The pin P slides back and forth along the x-axis as the wheel rotates counterclockwise at a rate of 360 revolutions per minute. (a) Find the angular velocity o
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = g(ln x)
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = eg(x)
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = g(ex)
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = g(g(x)
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = [g(x)]2
> Find the points on the lemniscate in Exercise 31 where the tangent is horizontal. Data from Exercise 31: Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. 2(x2 + y2)2 = 25(x2 - y2), (3, 1), (lemniscate
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = g(x2)
> Find f ‘ in terms of g’. f(x) = x2g(x)
> If f and t are the functions whose graphs are shown, let P(x) = f (x) g(x), Q(x) = f (x)/g(x), and C(x) = f (g(x)). Find (a) P’(2), (b) Q’(2), and (c) C’(2).
> Suppose that f (1) = 2 f ‘(1) = 3 f (2) = 1 f ‘(2) = 2 g(1) = 3 g’(1) = 1 tg(2) = 1 g’(2) = 4 (a) If S(x) = f (x) + g (x), find S’(1). (b) If P(x) = f (x) g(x), find P’(2). (c) If Q(x) = f(x)/g(x), find Q’(1). (d) If C(x) = f (g(x)), find C’(2).
> (a) By differentiating the double-angle formula cos 2x = cos2x - sin2x obtain the double-angle formula for the sine function. (b) By differentiating the addition formula sin(x + a) = sin x cos a + cos x sin a obtain the addition formula for the cosine fu
> Find the points on the ellipse x2 + 2y2 = 1 where the tangent line has slope 1.
> At what points on the curve y = sin x + cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, is the tangent line horizontal?
> (a) If f (x) = 4x - tan x, -π/2 < x < π/2, find f ‘ and f ’’. (b) Check to see that your answers to part (a) are reasonable by comparing the graphs of f , f ‘, and f ’’.
> (a) The curve with equation 2y3 + y2 - y5 = x4 - 2x3 + x2 has been likened to a bouncing wagon. Use a computer algebra system to graph this curve and discover why. (b) At how many points does this curve have horizontal tangent lines? Find the x-coordinat
> If f (x) = xesin x, find f (x). Graph f and f ‘ on the same screen and comment.
> Find equations of the tangent line and normal line to the curve at the given point. y = (2 + x)e-x, (0, 2)
> How many lines are tangent to both of the circles x2 + y2 = 4 and x2 + (y – 3)2 = 1? At what points do these tangent lines touch the circles?
> A particle moves on a vertical line so that its coordinate at time t is y = t3 - 12t + 3, t ≥ 0. (a) Find the velocity and acceleration functions. (b) When is the particle moving upward and when is it moving downward? (c) Find the distance that the parti
> Find the derivative. Simplify where possible. y = sech x (1 + ln sech x)
> Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. x2/3 + y2/3 = 4, ( -3√3 , 1) (astroid) yA 8
> Find the derivative. Simplify where possible. G(t) = sinh (ln t)
> Find the derivative. Simplify where possible. F(t) = ln (sinh t)
> Find the derivative. Simplify where possible. h(x)= sinh (x2)
> Find the derivative. Simplify where possible. g(x) = sinh2 x
> Find the derivative. Simplify where possible. f(x) = ex cosh x
> Prove the formulas given in Table 6 for the derivatives of the following functions. (a) cosh-1 (b) tanh-1 (c) csch-1 (d) sech-1 (e) coth-1 Table 6: 6 Derivatives of Inverse Hyperbolic Functions d - (sinh¯'x) dx d -(csch-'x) = dx 1 1 1 + x? |x|/x? +
> For each of the following functions (i) give a definition like those in (2), (ii) sketch the graph, and (iii) find a formula similar to Equation 3. (a) csch-1 (b) sech-1 (c) coth-1
> Regard y as the independent variable and x as the dependent variable and use implicit differentiation to find dx/dy. x4y2 - x3y + 2xy3 = 0
> Prove Equation 4. Equation 4: y = In(x + væ² – 1).
> Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. x2 + y2 = (2x2 + 2y2 – x)2, (0, 1/2), (cardioid) y.
> Find equations of the tangent lines to the curve y = x – 1 / x + 1 that are parallel to the line x - 2y = 2.
> Give an alternative solution to Example 3 by letting y = sinh-1x and then using Exercise 9 and Example 1(a) with x replaced by y. Example 3: Exercise 9: Example 1(a): / Show that sinhx = In(x + /x? + 1). cosh x + sinh x = e'
> Prove the formulas given in Table 1 for the derivatives of the functions (a) cosh, (b) tanh, (c) csch, (d) sech, and (e) coth. Table 1: Table 1 N as a function of t N=f(t) = population at time t || (hours) 100 1 168 2 259 3 358 4 445 5 509 550 7 57
> (a) Use the graphs of sinh, cosh, and tanh in Figures 1–3 to draw the graphs of csch, sech, and coth. (b) Check the graphs that you sketched in part (a) by using a graphing device to produce them. Figures 1 -3: y. y= y= sinh x `
> If cosh x = 5/3 and x > 0, find the values of the other hyperbolic functions at x.
> If tanh x = 12 / 13, find the values of the other hyperbolic functions at x.
> Two people start from the same point. One walks east at 3 mi/h and the other walks northeast at 2 mi/h. How fast is the distance between the people changing after 15 minutes?
> Prove the identity. cosh 2x = cosh2x + sinh2x
> Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. x2 + 2xy + 4y2 = 12, (2, 1) (ellipse)
> Prove the identity. sinh 2x = 2 sinh x cosh x
> Prove the identity. coth2x - 1 = csch2x
> Prove the identity. cosh(x + y) = cosh x cosh y + sinh x sinh y
> Prove the identity. Sinh(x + y) = sinh x cosh y + cosh x sinh y
> A plane flying with a constant speed of 300 km/h passes over a ground radar station at an altitude of 1 km and climbs at an angle of 308. At what rate is the distance from the plane to the radar station increasing a minute later?
> Prove the identity. cosh x - sinh x −= e-x
> Prove the identity. cosh x + sinh x = ex
> Prove the identity. cosh(-x) = cosh x (This shows that cosh is an even function.)
> Prove the identity. sinh(-x) = -sinh x (This shows that sinh is an odd function.)
> Find the numerical value of each expression. (a) sinh 1 (b) sinh-1 1
> Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. x2 - xy - y2 = 1, (2, 1) (hyperbola)
> Find the linearization L(x) of the function at a. f (x) = 2x, a = 0
> Find the linearization L(x) of the function at a. f (x) = x , a = 4
> Find the linearization L(x) of the function at a. f (x) = sin x, a = π/6
> Find the linearization L(x) of the function at a. f (x) = x3 - x2 + 3, a = -2
> A Ferris wheel with a radius of 10 m is rotating at a rate of one revolution every 2 minutes. How fast is a rider rising when his seat is 16 m above ground level?
> Suppose that the only information we have about a function f is that f (1) = 5 and the graph of its derivative is as shown. (a) Use a linear approximation to estimate f (0.9) and f (1.1). (b) Are your estimates in part (a) too large or too small? Explai
> When blood flows along a blood vessel, the flux F (the volume of blood per unit time that flows past a given point) is proportional to the fourth power of the radius R of the blood vessel: F − kR4 (This is known as Poiseuille’s Law; we will show why it i
> If a current I passes through a resistor with resistance R, Ohm’s Law states that the voltage drop is V = RI. If V is constant and R is measured with a certain error, use differentials to show that the relative error in calculating I is approximately the
> A manufacturer produces bolts of a fabric with a fixed width. The quantity q of this fabric (measured in yards) that is sold is a function of the selling price p (in dollars per yard), so we can write q − f (p). Then the total revenue earned with selling
> One side of a right triangle is known to be 20 cm long and the opposite angle is measured as 30°, with a possible error of 61°. (a) Use differentials to estimate the error in computing the length of the hypotenuse. (b) What is the percentage error?
> (a) Use differentials to find a formula for the approximate volume of a thin cylindrical shell with height h, inner radius r, and thickness Dr. (b) What is the error involved in using the formula from part (a)?
> Use differentials to estimate the amount of paint needed to apply a coat of paint 0.05 cm thick to a hemispherical dome with diameter 50 m.
> A plane flies horizontally at an altitude of 5 km and passes directly over a tracking telescope on the ground. When the angle of elevation is π/3, this angle is decreasing at a rate of π/6 rad/min. How fast is the plane traveling at that time?
> The circumference of a sphere was measured to be 84 cm with a possible error of 0.5 cm. (a) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated surface area. What is the relative error? (b) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error i
> The radius of a circular disk is given as 24 cm with a maximum error in measurement of 0.2 cm. (a) Use differentials to estimate the maximum error in the calculated area of the disk. (b) What is the relative error? What is the percentage error?
> The edge of a cube was found to be 30 cm with a possible error in measurement of 0.1 cm. Use differentials to estimate the maximum possible error, relative error, and percentage error in computing (a) the volume of the cube and (b) the surface area of th
> Let f (x) = (x – 1)2 g(x) = e-2x and h(x) = 1 + ln(1 - 2x) (a) Find the linearizations of f, t, and h at a = 0. What do you notice? How do you explain what happened? (b) Graph f, t, and h and their linear approximations. For which function is the linear
> Explain, in terms of linear approximations or differentials, why the approximation is reasonable. 1 9.98 ≈ 0.1002
> Explain, in terms of linear approximations or differentials, why the approximation is reasonable. 4.02 ≈ 2.005
> Explain, in terms of linear approximations or differentials, why the approximation is reasonable. sec 0.08 ≈ 1
> Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. Sin(x + y) = 2x - 2y, (π , π )
> Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number. cos 29°
> Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number. e0.1
> A lighthouse is located on a small island 3 km away from the nearest point P on a straight shoreline and its light makes four revolutions per minute. How fast is the beam of light moving along the shoreline when it is 1 km from P?
> Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number. 100.5
> Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number. 3 1001
> Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number. 1/4.002
> Use a linear approximation (or differentials) to estimate the given number. (1.999)4
> Compute ∆y and dy for the given values of x and dx = ∆x. Then sketch a diagram like Figure 5 showing the line segments with lengths dx, dy, and ∆y. y = ex, x = 0, ∆x = 0.5 Figure 5:
> Compute ∆y and dy for the given values of x and dx = ∆x. Then sketch a diagram like Figure 5 showing the line segments with lengths dx, dy, and ∆y. y = x - x3, x = 0, ∆x = 20.3 Figu
> Compute ∆y and dy for the given values of x and dx = ∆x. Then sketch a diagram like Figure 5 showing the line segments with lengths dx, dy, and ∆y. y = x2 - 4x, x = 3, ∆x = 0.5 Figu
> Use implicit differentiation to find an equation of the tangent line to the curve at the given point. y sin 2x = x cos 2y, ( π/2, π/ 4)
> A television camera is positioned 4000 ft from the base of a rocket launching pad. The angle of elevation of the camera has to change at the correct rate in order to keep the rocket in sight. Also, the mechanism for focusing the camera has to take into a
> (a) Find the differential dy and (b) evaluate dy for the given values of x and dx. y = cos x, x = 13, dx = 20.02
> (a) Find the differential dy and (b) evaluate dy for the given values of x and dx. y = ex/10, x = 0, dx = 0.1
> Verify the given linear approximation at a = 0. Then determine the values of x for which the linear approximation is accurate to within 0.1. ex cos x ≈ 1 + x
> Regard y as the independent variable and x as the dependent variable and use implicit differentiation to find dx/dy. y sec x = x tan y
> Two carts, A and B, are connected by a rope 39 ft long that passes over a pulley P (see the figure). The point Q is on the floor 12 ft directly beneath P and between the carts. Cart A is being pulled away from Q at a speed of 2 ft/s. How fast is cart B m
