The 2019 Women’s FIFA World Cup saw viewer ratings soar with over 750 million viewers across the world; a 20 percent increase on the men’s World Cup in 2018. The coverage of the games have inspired a new generation of girls to get involved in football, a sport that historically has been dominated by men. The launch of the #WhatIf campaign in 2018 in the UK is driving forward a campaign to get more women and girls into the football industry. Founder Anna Kessel wants to create more equal opportunities for women from the football field to the boardroom. However, it is recognized that there has been much talk of equality in recent years and yet criticism that change is not happening fast enough. Despite the growing recognition, female footballers are still paid significantly less than their male counterparts. The Global Sports Salaries Survey 2018 reported the average wage of the UK Premier League player at £2.64 million per year, while in the Football Association (FA) Women’s Super League it is £27,271. And it’s not just the players. With 20 premiership football clubs in England, only 6 percent of executive directors are female. But with the demand for change getting louder, there is one trailblazer that has demonstrated that it can become a reality. In East Sussex, England, there is a small town called Lewes. With a population of approximately 17,000 people, the residents are proud of their community-based, nonprofit local football club, Lewes Football Club (FC). And they have good reason to be. In 2017, Lewes FC launched a campaign called Equality FC and became the first football club in the world to pay its women footballers as much as the men. In fact, the highest earner plays for the women’s team. Although the level of pay is of no comparison to Premier League players (the average pay at Lewes is £100–£250 per week), the club is sending out a message of equality that is making its peers sit up and pay attention. In the boardroom, Lewes FC has demonstrated its commitment to equality through appointing two female directors to the club in early 2019, Michelle Bowie Krige and Karen Dobres. The responsibilities of the directors include promoting the club’s ethos nationally and driving forward equality initiatives. Most recently, Maggie Murphy has also joined Lewes FC as a general manager for the women’s team. Positions are not ring-fenced for women only, however the club recognizes that having a more balanced senior management team brings a variety of leadership traits, approaches and new ideas that may not exist otherwise. To ensure that inclusivity takes a holistic approach, Lewes FC have not only closed the pay gap, but have also addressed the resources available for both genders. Playing budgets for female and male teams are set equally, as is access to strength and conditioning staff, coaches, and ensuring high standards of equipment and facilities. Karen Dobres recognizes that closing the gender pay gap in an industry such as this would likely be unaffordable to most of the major clubs. However, she also states that there are steps that can be taken. Giving players equal access to clear pathways of advancement in clubs, access to facilities and resources are all important steps in promoting equity in sports. The world is waiting to see what the rise in female football will bring for the 2023 World Cup. From office staff to the boardroom, commentators, players and officials, it is clear to see that women have a lot of ideas, knowledge and skills to bring to the industry. The issue of pay may be a challenging one, but one that can surely be achieved. Females within the sector will be hoping that the bigger clubs are listening, and the playing field will soon start to level out.106 Discussion Questions: 5-16. What is the major challenge for larger clubs in closing the gender pay gap? What can be done to address this? 5-17. Why do you think there is a dearth of female directors at Premier League clubs? 5-18. Do you think there are any issues of stereotyping or bias towards female footballers? 5-19. Other than pay, what do you think football clubs can do to increase gender diversity?
> Would a manager’s job be fundamentally different if the same person were to work in different companies in the same industry?
> What does the term external environment mean? Which external environmental factors are more important for a manager to pay attention to?
> Is there a real difference between an omnipotent manager and a “good” manager? Explain.
> What do you understand by personalization technologies? How does big data fit into decision-making processes?
> What should a good manager do if it becomes apparent that a decision that has already been made is clearly not working or solving the situation?
> Change usually involves some kind of modification of the way in which a business does things. Invariably, it means alterations in products or services, and processes. Research seems to suggest that organizations undergo some form of change every three ye
> Most managers adopt particular styles to simplify their decision making. This helps them make sense of information. Why do you think these styles are unreliable?
> Is satisficing a desirable way of making managerial decisions?
> What role does intuition play in decision making?
> Where in the eight-step decision-making process are the likely problem areas for managers?
> Explain how good decision making is a skill that can be learned and improved
> How do systems theory and the contingency approach make managers better at what they do?
> How has technology impacted how managers use the quantitative approach in today’s workplace?
> Describe total quality management.
> Explain what the quantitative approach has contributed to the field of management.
> Why were the Hawthorne Studies so critical to management history?
> Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, France, the automotive manufacturer Renault was established 120 years ago in 1899, and Japanese automotive manufacturer, Nissan, was founded in 1933, headquartered in Yokohama, Japan. In 1999, these two automotive g
> What did the early advocates of OB contribute to our understanding of management?
> What is a bureaucracy? Do bureaucracies still exist today?
> What is the significance of the industrial revolution?
> How do societal trends influence the practice of management? What are the implications for someone studying management
> Explain why studying management history is important.
> Researchers at Harvard Business School found that the most important managerial behaviors involve two fundamental things: enabling people to move forward in their work and treating them decently as human beings. What do you think of these two managerial
> Is there one best “style” of management? Why or why not?
> Henri Fayol suggested that all managers perform the five functions of planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Was he correct?
> Discuss how managers define organizational purpose. How would the managerial functions help in achieving that purpose?
> Is the task of seeking innovative processes really a manager’s job?
> The 1,000-year-old Latin saying mens sana in corpore sano stands for a healthy mind in a healthy body in English language represents the core idea of The Wellness Foundation, launched by Nerio Alessandri, the founder of Italian wellness company Technogym
> How might operations management apply to other managerial functions besides control?
> Describe lean management and explain why it’s important
> What is ISO 9001 and Six Sigma?
> How does technology play a role in manufacturing?
> How could you use value chain management in your everyday life?
> What is required for successful value chain management? What obstacles exist to successful value chain management?
> What is a value chain, and what is value chain management? What is the goal of value chain management? What are the benefits of value chain management?
> Do you think that manufacturing or service organizations have the greater need for operations management? Explain.
> What is operations management?
> In what ways is managing a project different from managing a department or other structured work area? In what ways are they the same?
> A coworker takes credit for the excellent job you’ve performed. Frustrating! It’s probably happened to you or someone you know. How did it happen? Perhaps you shared an idea with a coworker and then hear her present it as her own in a meeting. Or perhaps
> The Wall Street Journal and other business periodicals often carry reports of companies that have not met their sales or profit forecasts. What are some reasons a company might not meet its forecast? What suggestions could you make for improving the effe
> Do intuition and creativity have any relevance in quantitative planning tools and techniques? Explain.
> It’s a waste of time and other resources to develop a set of sophisticated scenarios for situations that may never occur.” Do you agree or disagree? Support your position.
> What is project management, and what are the steps managers use in planning projects?
> Why is flexibility so important to today’s planning techniques?
> How does PERT network analysis work?
> Describe the four techniques for allocating resources.
> What might be some early warning signs of (a) a new competitor coming into your market, (b) an employee work stoppage, or (c) a new technology that could change demand for your product?
> Describe the different approaches to assessing the environment.
> Every individual employee in an organization plays a role in controlling work activities.” Do you agree with this statement, or do you think control is something that only managers are responsible for? Explain.
> In Chapter 7 we discussed the white-water rapids view of change, which refers to situations in which unpredictable change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process. Do you think it’s possible to establish and maintain effective standa
> Why is control important to customer interactions?
> Explain the balanced scorecard approach to evaluating organizational performance.
> What do the two liquidity ratios, current and acid, measure and reveal?
> Discuss the four main workplace discipline problems related to controlling employee performance.
> State the information sources for measuring performance.
> Why is control an essential managerial function in all types of organizations?
> Do the followers make a difference in whether a leader is effective? Discuss.
> Do you think most managers in real life use a contingency approach to increase their leadership effectiveness? Explain.
> Discuss whether a leader can get power from multiple sources.
> One company that appears to be getting it right on the diversity front is L’Oréal, a popular French cosmetics organization founded in 1909, with over 86,000 employees operating across 130 countries. In 2018, the Thomson Reuters Diversity and Inclusion In
> You are a team leader. What are your daily priorities for your team?
> What is the purpose of a charismatic leader’s enthusiasm and self-confidence?
> Explain Hersey and Blanchard’s situational leadership styles and the two key behaviors associated with it.
> Briefly explain what a managerial grid is.
> What are the ten traits of effective leaders?
> Can an individual be too motivated? Discuss.
> Identify examples of pay-for-performance programs used by some organizations.
> What do you understand by the term open-book management? Is it effective?
> Briefly explain equity theory and what happens if there are iniquities at work.
> What are the different job design approaches to motivation?
> An unexpected ethical issue arose when Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria joined the European Union (EU). The start of the free movement of workers across the EU meant that workers from these countries could effectively undercut the domestic workforce. Wages
> How do goal-setting, reinforcement, and equity theories explain employee motivation?
> Describe each of the four early theories of motivation.
> What is motivation? Explain the three key elements of motivation.
> Explain the relevance of managers using shaping behavior
> On what basis does the attribution theory attempt to explain how we judge people differently?
> Discuss the impact of self-esteem on employee performance and job satisfaction.
> How does the cognitive dissonance theory seek to explain the relationships between attitudes and behavior?
> Satisfied and happy employees make for better productivity, lower absenteeism and turnover rate. Discuss.
> What are the goals of organizational behavior?
> Which employee behaviors are more critical to organizational success?
> How do you successfully manage a growing international company? Co-founder and chairperson of the Singaporean BreadTalk group, George Quek believes in a hands-on approach and believes that being physically present is key in navigating the often-complex p
> Everyone has a different personality. How would an organization make a diverse group of individuals work together harmoniously and effectively?
> Ethical communication includes all information, is true in every sense, and is not deceptive in any way.” Discuss
> Discuss the role of communication in customer service.
> How can changes in the physical work environment have a direct impact on communication systems?
> Define active listening.
> What are barriers to communication? What can managers do to reduce the chances of barriers to communication from occurring?
> Thanks a lot.” Can this phrase mean more than one thing? Explain why.
> Discuss whether men and women communicate differently.
> What is communication and how can a manager ensure proper communication exists in the organization?
> Describe the key benefits of teams.
> Although 44 countries have signed up for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Anti-Bribery Convention to outlaw bribery and corruption, the problem is still present. Let us consider Greece, which the OECD censored for failing
> Discuss how having clear goals can make a team more effective.
> Why are virtual teams not suitable for all situations?
> What are group norms?
> Discuss how group structure, group processes, and group tasks influence group performance and satisfaction.
> What is an informal group and can informal groups form within an organization?
> How does knowing the five stages of group development help you as the manager?
> What do you understand by the term family-friendly benefits? Give some examples of such benefits in action.
