Under what circumstances is forward error correction desirable?
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=1∞ 1/e2k+1
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=1∞ e3-k
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=1∞ 1/(3k)2
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=2∞ 1/k(ln k)2
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=1∞ 1/(2k + 1)3
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=2∞ k/(k2 + 1)3/2
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=2∞ 1/k√(ln k)
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=1∞ 2/(5k – 1)
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=0∞ 7/(k + 100)
> Use the integral test to determine whether the infinite series is convergent or divergent. (You may assume that the hypotheses of the integral test are satisfied.) ∑k=2 ∞ 1/(k - 1)3
> Use a second Taylor polynomial at x = 0 to estimate the area under the curve y = √(cos x) from x = -1 to x = 1. (The exact answer to three decimal places is 1.828.)
> Determine the sums of the following geometric series when they are convergent. 1 + 1/6 + 1/62 + 1/63 + 1/64 …
> Convince yourself that the equation is correct by summing up the first 999 terms of the infinite series and comparing the sum with the value on the right. ∑x=1 ∞ (-1)x+1 / x = ln 2
> Convince yourself that the equation is correct by summing up the first 999 terms of the infinite series and comparing the sum with the value on the right. ∑x=1 ∞ 1/x2 = π2/6
> The sum of the first n odd numbers is n2; that is, ∑x=1 n (2x - 1) = n2. Verify this formula for n = 5, 10, and 25.
> Verify the formula ∑ x=1 n x = n(n + 1) / 2 for n = 10, 50, and 100.
> The calculator screen computes a partial sum of an infinite series. Write out the first five terms of the series and determine the exact value of the infinite series.
> The calculator screen computes a partial sum of an infinite series. Write out the first five terms of the series and determine the exact value of the infinite series.
> What is the exact value of the infinite geometric series whose partial sum appears at the second entry in Fig. 2? Figure 2:
> What is the exact value of the infinite geometric series whose partial sum appears at the first entry in Fig. 3? Figure 3:
> Show that the infinite series 1 + ½ + 1/3 + ¼ + 1/5 + … diverges.
> Use a second Taylor polynomial at x = 0 to estimate the area under the curve y = ln(1 + x2) from x = 0 to x = 1/2.
> Determine the third Taylor polynomial of the given function at x = 0. f (x) = 1/(x + 2)
> What is routing?
> How does TCP/IP perform address resolution from IP addresses into data link layer addresses?
> How does TCP/IP perform address resolution from URLs into network layer addresses?
> What is address resolution?
> What benefits and problems does dynamic addressing provide?
> What does the transport layer do?
> Briefly define noise.
> Is there any difference in the error rates of lower-speed lines and higher-speed lines?
> Errors normally appear in _____, which is when more than 1 data bit is changed by the error-causing condition.
> Define two fundamental types of errors.
> What are the benefits of cloud computing?
> Which is better, controlled access or contention? Explain.
> Compare and contrast roll-call polling, hub polling (or token passing), and contention.
> Under what conditions is media access control unimportant?
> Show how the word “HI” would be sent using asynchronous transmission using even parity (make assumptions about the bit patterns needed). Show how it would be sent using Ethernet.
> What media access control technique does your class use?
> Are large frame sizes better than small frame sizes? Explain.
> Under what conditions does a data link layer protocol need an address?
> Are stop bits necessary in asynchronous transmission? Explain by using a diagram.
> How do information bits differ from overhead bits?
> What is transmission efficiency?
> How does a thin client differ from a thick client?
> Describe the frame layouts for SDLC, Ethernet, and PPP.
> Which is the simplest (least sophisticated) protocol described in this chapter?
> What is media access control, and why is it important?
> Briefly describe how continuous ARQ works.
> How does forward error-correction work? How is it different from other error-correction methods?
> How does CRC work?
> Briefly describe how checksum works.
> Briefly describe how even parity and odd parity work.
> Describe three approaches to detecting errors, including how they work, the probability of detecting an error, and any other benefits or limitations.
> Compare and contrast two-tier, three-tier, and n-tier client–server architectures. What are the technical differences, and what advantages and disadvantages does each offer?
> What are the three ways of reducing errors and the types of noise they affect?
> How do amplifiers differ from repeaters?
> Describe four types of noise. Which is likely to pose the greatest problem to network managers?
> What does the data link layer do?
> Briefly describe three important coding schemes.
> What is coding?
> Explain why most telephone company circuits are now digital.
> Clearly explain the differences among analog data, analog transmission, digital data, and digital transmission.
> How do analog data differ from digital data?
> Describe four types of wireless media.
> Which is less expensive: host-based networks or client–server networks? Explain.
> Describe three types of guided media.
> Why is data compression so useful?
> What is oversampling?
> What factors affect transmission speed?
> What is 64-QAM?
> What is quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM)?
> What is a modem?
> Describe the three types of data flows.
> Is the bit rate the same as the symbol rate? Explain.
> Describe how data could be transmitted using a combination of modulation techniques.
> Suppose your organization was contemplating switching from a host-based architecture to client–server. What problems would you foresee?
> Describe how data could be transmitted using phase modulation.
> Describe how data could be transmitted using frequency modulation.
> Describe how data could be transmitted using amplitude modulation.
> What is bandwidth? What is the bandwidth in a traditional North American telephone circuit?
> What are three important characteristics of a sound wave?
> How does bipolar signaling differ from unipolar signaling? Why is Manchester encoding more popular than either?
> What feature distinguishes serial mode from parallel mode?
> How are data transmitted in parallel?
> How does a multipoint circuit differ from a point-to-point circuit?
> What is VoIP?
> What is middleware, and what does it do?
> What is the symbol rate of a digital circuit providing 100 Mbps if it uses bipolar NRz signaling?
> What is the capacity of a digital circuit with a symbol rate of 10 MHz using Manchester encoding?
> What is the maximum data rate of an analog circuit with a 10 MHz bandwidth using 64-QAM and V.44?
> What is the maximum capacity of an analog circuit with a bandwidth of 4,000 Hz using QAM?
> Some experts argue that modems may soon become obsolete. Do you agree? Why or why not?
> What is a client?
> What is a circuit?
> How do LANs differ from WAN sand BNs?
> If you were buying a multiplexer, would you choose TDM or FDM? Why?
> Discuss three important applications of data communications networks in business and personal use.
> How can data communications networks affect businesses?
> What is the Internet of Things (IoT)? What are the benefits and risks?
