What is a bar graph? What is a Pareto chart?
> A student conducted a survey asking a random sample of adults, “How many days per week do you exercise?”. The results of the survey are displayed in the dot plot drawn in StatCrunch shown below. (a) What is the most popular number of days to exercise? (b
> (a) Number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week (b) Ages of students in a public school district (c) Ages of hearing-aid patients (d) Heights of full-grown men
> (a) Annual household incomes in the United States (b) Scores on a standardized exam such as the SAT (c) Number of people living in a household (d) Ages of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease
> The frequency histogram represents the number of alcohol-related traffic fatalities by state (including Washington, D.C.) in 2016 according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (a) Determine the class width. (b) Identify the classes
> Movie ratings of one star through five stars
> The following frequency histogram represents the IQ scores of a random sample of seventh-grade students. IQs are measured to the nearest whole number. The frequency of each class is labeled above each rectangle. (a) How many students were sampled? (b) De
> A car salesman records the number of cars he sold each week for the past year. The following frequency histogram shows the results. (a) What is the most frequent number of cars sold in a week? (b) For how many weeks were two cars sold? (c) Determine the
> An experiment was conducted in which two fair dice were thrown 100 times. The sum of the pips showing on the dice was then recorded. The following frequency histogram gives the results. (a) What was the most frequent outcome of the experiment? (b) What w
> True or False: The shape of the distribution shown is best classified as uniform.
> True or False: The shape of the distribution shown is best classified as skewed left.
> True or False: Suppose the first class of a frequency distribution is 0–9.9 and the second class is 10–19.9. Then, the class width is 9.9.
> True or False: There is not one particular frequency distribution that is correct, but there are frequency distributions that are less desirable than others.
> What does it mean if a distribution is said to be “skewed left”?
> In a relative frequency distribution, what should the relative frequencies add up to?
> A frequency distribution lists the______ of occurrences of each category of data, while a relative frequency distribution lists the ______of occurrences of each category of data.
> Nation of origin
> Define raw data in your own words.
> Consider the information in the chart shown below, which is in the USA Today style of graph. Could the information provided be organized into a pie chart? Why or why not?
> Describe the circumstances in which a bar graph is preferable to a pie chart. When is a pie chart preferred over a bar graph? Are there circumstances in which a pie chart cannot be drawn, but a bar graph could be drawn? What are these circumstances?
> Suppose you need to summarize ordinal data in a bar graph. How would you arrange the categories of data on the horizontal axis? Is it possible to make the order of the data apparent in a pie chart?
> When should relative frequencies be used when comparing two data sets? Why?
> Keeping students engaged in the learning process greatly increases their chance of success in a course. Traditional lecture-based math instruction has given way to a more student-engaged approach where students interact with the teacher in class and rece
> Choose a qualitative variable from the Sullivan StatCrunch Survey I data set at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats and summarize the variable by gender.
> Choose a qualitative variable from the Sullivan StatCrunch Survey I data set at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats and summarize the variable.
> The following data represent the land area and highest elevation for each of the seven continents. (a) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for land area? Why? If so, draw a pie chart. (b) Would it make sense to draw a pie chart for the highest elevat
> The data set “Tornadoes_ 2017” located at www.pearsonhighered.com/sullivanstats contains a variety of variables that were measured for all tornadoes in the United States in 2017. F scale is a qualitative variable that categorizes tornadoes by their wind
> Air pressure in pounds per square inch in an automobile tire
> Type A phlebotomist draws the blood of a random sample of 50 patients and determines their blood types as shown: (a) Construct a frequency distribution. (b) Construct a relative frequency distribution. (c) According to the data, which blood type is most
> The following data represent the day of the week an order was placed for groceries using the online grocery delivery service Instacart. (a) Construct a frequency and relative frequency distribution. (b) If you own an Instacart franchise, what day would y
> A survey was conducted by Wakefield Research in which participants were asked to disclose their favorite night to order takeout for dinner. The following data are based on their results. (a) Construct a frequency distribution. (b) Construct a relative fr
> The table shows the movement of Walt Disney stock for 30 randomly selected trading days. “Up” means the stock price increased in value for the day, “Down” means the stock price decreased in value for the day, and “No Change” means the stock price closed
> A survey of 100 randomly selected autos in the luxury car segment and 100 randomly selected autos in the sports car segment that were recently purchased yielded the following colors. (a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for each car type. (b)
> A survey of adult men and women asked, “Which one of the following jobs would you most like to have?” The results of the survey are shown in the table. (a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for men and women. (b) Construct a side-by-side relati
> A survey of U.S. adults and teens (ages 12–17) was administered by Pew Research, to determine the number of texts sent in a single day. (a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for adults. (b) Construct a relative frequency distribution for teens.
> A random sample of college students was asked, “What social platform most influences your online shopping?” Results are shown below. (a) Construct a relative frequency distribution for males. (b) Construct a relative frequency distribution for females.
> A sample of 521 adults was asked, “How often do you dine out?” The results of the survey are given in the table in the next column. (a) Construct a relative frequency distribution. (b) What proportion of those surveyed dine out once or twice a week? (c)
> The Gallup organization conducted a survey in which 1025 randomly sampled adult Americans were asked, “How much time, if at all, do you personally spend using the Internet—more than 1 hour a day, up to 1 hour a day, a few times a week, a few times a mont
> Points scored in an NCAA basketball game
> In a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control to determine health-risk behaviors among college students, college students were asked, “How often do you wear a seat belt when driving a car?” The frequencies were as follows: (a) Constru
> In a national survey conducted by the Centers for Disease Control to determine health-risk behaviors among college students, college students were asked, “How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else?” The frequencies wer
> A random sample of 2163 adults (aged 18 and over) was asked, “Given a choice of the following, which one would you most want to be?” The results of the survey are presented in the side-by-side bar graph. (a) What proportion of males would like to be rich
> A random sample of 2163 adults (aged 18 and over) was asked, “When you see an ad emphasizing that a product is ‘Made in America,’ are you more likely to buy it, less likely to buy it, or neither more nor less likely to buy it?” The results of the survey
> Identity fraud occurs when someone else’s personal information is used to open credit card accounts, apply for a job, receive benefits, and so on. The following relative frequency bar graph represents the various types of identity theft based on a study
> The following graph represents the results of a survey, in which a random sample of adult Americans was asked, “Please tell me whether you personally believe that in general divorce is morally acceptable or morally wrong.” (a) What percent of the respond
> The U.S. Census Bureau uses money income thresholds to define poverty. For example, in 2018 the poverty threshold for a family of four with two children was $25,100. The bar graph represents the number of people living in poverty (in thousands) in the Un
> The following Pareto chart shows the position played by the most valuable player (MVP) in the National League since 1931. Source:http://www.baseball-almanac.com/ (a) Which position had the most MVPs? (b) How many MVPs played first base (1B)? (c) How many
> Season The pie chart shown, the type we see in USA Today, depicts the approaches people use to avoid getting the flu. (a) What is the most common approach? What percentage of the population chooses this method? (b) What is the least used approach? What p
> This USA Today–type chart shows the top responses to the question, “Who’s the most difficult to ‘sell yourself’ to?” (a) What was the most common response? (b) The survey is of 1053 adults. How many stated their significant other is most difficult to “se
> Internet connection speed in kilobytes per second
> Observational studies are used to determine causality between an explanatory variable and response variable.
> A(n)_____design is one in which each experimental unit is randomly assigned to a treatment. A(n)____design is one in which the experimental units are paired up.
> Explain the difference between a single-blind and a double- blind experiment.
> What is replication in an experiment?
> Define the following: (a) Experimental unit (b) Treatment (c) Response variable (d) Factor (e) Placebo (f) Confounding (g) Blinding
> Treatments may be a combination of factors rather than a single factor. For example, suppose we want to investigate the role of diet and drugs in weight loss. Suppose we have three diet plans (a saturated-fat diet, the Mediterranean diet, or the U.S. Nat
> What is the role of randomization in a designed experiment? If you were conducting a completely randomized design with three treatments and 90 experimental units, describe how you would randomly assign the experimental units to the treatments.
> Research the link between the release of dopamine and the placebo effect.
> In May, 2020, the biotechnology company Novavax began human trials of its Covid-19 vaccine. The Phase I trial was a placebo-controlled, observer-blinded design. Most clinical trials go through five phases: Phase 0 (Pre-clinical), Phase I (Safety), Phase
> Number of Sequoia trees in a randomly selected acre of Yosemite National Park
> Match each word or phrase with its definition.
> Match each word or phrase with its definition.
> Time to complete the 500-meter race in speed skating.
> What is meant by the process of statistics?
> In October 2014, there was an Ebola breakout in West Africa. At the time, there was no vaccine for the virus, however, there were some experimental drugs that had not yet been approved for humans. Because the spread of the disease was reaching an epidemi
> List the four components that comprise the definition of statistics.
> A researcher believes that as age increases, the grip strength (pounds per square inch, psi) of an individual’s dominant hand decreases. From a random sample of 17 females, he obtains the following data. (a) Treating age as the explanatory variable, dete
> The following data represent the height (inches) of boys between the ages of 2 and 10 years. (a) Treating age as the explanatory variable, determine the estimates of /. What is the mean height of a 7-year-old boy? (b) Compute the standard error of the es
> Crickets make a chirping noise by sliding their wings rapidly over each other. Perhaps you have noticed that the number of chirps seems to increase with the temperature. The following table lists the temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit, °F) and the number
> State the requirements to perform inference on a simple least-squares regression line.
> Many municipalities are passing legislation that forbids smoking in restaurants and bars. Bar owners claim that these laws hurt their business. Are their concerns legitimate? The following data represent the smoking status and frequency of visits to bars
> The General Social Survey regularly asks individuals to disclose their religious affiliation. The following data represent the religious affiliation of young adults, aged 18 to 29, in the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. Do the data suggest different prop
> The Harris Poll asked a random sample of adult Americans, “How important are moral values when deciding how to vote?” The results of the survey by disclosed political affiliation are shown in the table. (a) Do the sample data suggest that the proportion
> A researcher wanted to determine if the distribution of educational attainment of Americans today is different from the distribution in 2000. The distribution of educational attainment in 2000 was as follows: The researcher randomly selects 500 Americans
> A pit boss is concerned that a pair of dice being used in a craps game is not fair. The distribution of the expected sum of two fair dice is as follows: The pit boss rolls the dice 400 times and records the sum of the dice. The table shows the results. D
> In their book SuperFreakonomics, authors Steven Levitt and Stephen Dubner describe the research of behavioral economist John List. List recruited customers and dealers at a baseball-card show to participate in an experiment in which the customer would st
> Researchers had a car traveling 10 miles per hour collide into the rear bumper of an SUV and recorded the amount of damage, in dollars. The data are below. Do the given data suggest the repair cost of the car is higher? Use the = 0.1 level of significa
> In a study conducted to determine the role that sleep disorders play in academic performance, researcher Jane Gaultney conducted a survey of 1845 college students to determine if they had a sleep disorder (such as narcolepsy, insomnia, or restless leg sy
> A researcher wants to know whether the acidity of rain (pH) near Houston, Texas, is significantly different from that near Chicago, Illinois. He randomly selects 12 rain dates in Texas and 14 rain dates in Illinois and obtains the following data: (a) Is
> A random sample of n1 = 650 individuals results in x1 = 156 successes. An independent sample of n2 = 550 individuals results in x2 = 143 successes. Does this represent sufficient evidence to conclude that / at the = 0.05 level of significance?
> Test the hypothesis that /level of significance for the given sample data.
> (a) Test the hypothesis that / level of significance for the given sample data. (b) Construct a 95% confidence interval for /
> (a) Compute /for each pair of data. (b) Compute /. (c) Test the hypothesis that /level of significance. (d) Compute a 95% confidence interval for the population mean difference /
> A prison warden wants to know if men receive longer sentences for crimes than women. He randomly samples 30 men and matches them with 30 women by type of crime committed and records their lengths of sentence.
> It is commonplace to gain weight after quitting smoking. To determine the effectiveness of the drug Naltrexone in limiting weight gain after quitting smoking, 147 subjects who smoked 20 or more cigarettes daily were randomly divided into two groups. All
> A researcher wants to estimate the difference between the percentage of individuals without a high school diploma who smoke and the percentage of individuals with bachelor’s degrees who smoke. What sample size should be obtained if she wishes the estimat
> Design an experiment where the goal is to determine whether people prefer Coke or Pepsi. In the design, be sure to identify the response variable, the role of blinding, and randomization.
> Does hypnotism result in a different success rate for men and women who are trying to quit smoking? Researchers at Science magazine analyzed studies involving 5600 male and female smokers. Of the 2800 females, 644 quit smoking; of the 2800 males, 840 qui
> Zoloft is a drug used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In randomized, double-blind clinical trials, 926 patients diagnosed with OCD were randomly divided into two groups. Subjects in group 1 (experimental group) received 200 milligrams per d
> A stock analyst wants to know if there is a difference between the mean rate of return from energy stocks and that from financial stocks. He randomly selects 13 energy stocks and computes the rate of return for the past year. He randomly selects 13 finan
> According to the Pew Research Center, the proportion of the American population who use only a cellular telephone (no landline) is 0.37. Jason conducts a survey of thirty 20- to 24-year-olds who live on their own and finds that 16 do not have a landline
> A Zone diet is one with a 40%–30%–30% distribution of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, respectively, and is based on the book Enter the Zone. In a study conducted by researchers Christopher Gardner and associates, 79 subjects were administered the Zone di
> In many parliamentary procedures, a supermajority is defined as an excess of 60% of voting members. In a poll conducted by the Gallup organization on May 10, 1939, 1561 adult Americans were asked, “Do you think the United States will have to fight Japan
> The outside diameter of a manufactured part must be 1.3825 inches, according to customer specifications. The data shown represent a random sample of ten parts. Use a 95% confidence interval to judge whether the part has been manufactured to specification
> “Did you get your 8 hours of sleep last night?” is a common question. In a recent survey of 151 postpartum women, the folks at the National Sleep Foundation found that the mean sleep time was 7.8 hours, with a standard deviation of 1.4 hours. Does the ev
> The trade magazine QSR routinely examines fast-food drive-thru service times. Their recent research indicates that the mean time a car spends in a McDonald’s drive- thru is 167.1 seconds. A McDonald’s manager in Salt Lake City feels that she has insti
> According to the American Time Use Survey, adult Americans spent 42.6 minutes per day on phone calls and answering or writing email in 2006. (a) Suppose that we want to judge whether the amount of daily time spent on phone calls and answering or writing
> Research the placebo effect and the Hawthorne effect. Write a paragraph that describes how each affects the outcome of an experiment.
> A tennis enthusiast wants to estimate the mean length of men’s singles matches held during the Wimbledon tennis tournament. From the Wimbledon history archives, he randomly selects 40 matches played during the tournament since the year 1968 (when profess
> From a random sample of 1201 Americans, it was discovered that 1139 of them lived in neighborhoods with acceptable levels of carbon monoxide. Source: Environmental Protection Agency. (a) Obtain a point estimate for the proportion of Americans who live in
> The campus at Joliet Junior College has a lake. A student used a Secchi disk to measure the clarity of the lake’s water by lowering the disk into the water and measuring the distance below the water surface at which the disk is no longer visible. The fol
