Downregulation is a phenomenon in which the expression of the gene products such as RNA and proteins is reduced. This decreased gene expression is caused by an external stimulus. On the contrary, the process in which the expression of the cellular components is enhanced is termed as the upregulation.
Both these phenomena can also occur due to some epigenetic alterations in the somatic cells which might be semi-permanent or permanent. These alterations do not let the RNA and protein to express in response to the external stimuli.
Example of Down Regulation:
One of the examples of this process is that when the expression of a specific receptor is decreased due to its increased activation by a certain hormone or a neurotransmitter. This leads to a reduced sensitivity of the cell to that molecule.
Meiotic nondisjunction is much more likely than mitotic nondisjunction. Based on
A woman who is heterozygous, Bb, has brown eyes;
Explain why familial breast cancer shows a dominant pattern of inheritance in
How is an F′ factor different from an F factor?
With regard to the timing of conjugation, explain why the recipient
The raw material for evolution is random mutation. Discuss whether or
Why is an antibody used in this experiment? From
Explain the type of speciation (allopatric, parapatric, or sympatric
In fruit flies, curved wings are recessive to straight wings,
A recessive allele in mice results in an unusally long neck.
