31) Evidence of tampering with the position of a body after death can be obtained by evaluating the: A) Rigor mortis. B) Algor mortis. C) Livor mortis. D) Both B and C 32) Rigor mortis refers to the: A) Temperature of death. B) Stiffness of death. C) Color of death. D) Time of death. 33) A corpse was discovered in an apartment last November. It was that of a 50-year-old male who died of a heart attack. At the time of discovery, the body temperature was determined to be 89°F. What is the most probable post mortem interval? A) 1 hour B) 2 hours C) 7 hours D) 4 hours 34) The rate of cooling of a dead body can be influenced by all EXCEPT the: A) Weather conditions. B) Location. C) Size of body. D) Gender of victim. 35) According to forensic entomologists, which “witness” is the first to arrive at the crime scene? A) Carrion beetle B) Mite C) Spider D) Blowfly 36) Which of the following techniques can be used to estimate the time of death? A) Rigor mortis B) Eye fluid potassium levels C) Livor mortis D) All of the above 37) What part of a decedent’s body resists rapid decomposition and is used by forensic anthropologists to provide information about the decedent? A) Teeth B) Bones C) Soft tissue D) Cartilage 38) A forensic anthropologist may help to create a(n) ________ to help with the identification of the victim. A) Autopsy chart B) Dental profile C) Fingerprint chart D) Facial reconstruction 39) To determine the gender of skeletal remains, a forensic anthropologist can examine all of the following areas of the skeleton EXCEPT the: A) Tibia. B) Pelvis. C) Sacrum. D) Cranium. 40) The stage of fusion of various bones within a skeleton can be used to estimate the ________ of the decedent. A) Sex B) Race C) Occupation D) Age
> What are the differences between a limit order and a market order?
> In what circumstances are private placements more likely to be used than public offerings?
> How do security dealers earn their profits?
> What is the difference between a primary and a secondary market?
> Suppose that you sell short 500 shares of XTel, currently selling for $40 per share, and give your broker $15,000 to establish your margin account. a. If you earn no interest on the funds in your margin account, what will be your rate of return after on
> Suppose that XTel currently is selling at $40 per share. You buy 500 shares using $15,000 of your own money, borrowing the remainder of the purchase price from your broker. The rate on the margin loan is 8%. a. What is the percentage increase in the net
> On January 1, you sold short one round lot (i.e., 100 shares) of Snow’s stock at $21 per share. On March 1, a dividend of $3 per share was paid. On April 1, you covered the short sale by buying the stock at a price of $15 per share. You paid 50 cents per
> You’ve borrowed $20,000 on margin to buy shares in Ixnay, which is now selling at $40 per share. Your account starts at the initial margin requirement of 50%. The maintenance margin is 35%. Two days later, the stock price falls to $35 per share. a. Will
> Here is some price information on Fincorp stock. Suppose first that Fencer trades in a dealer market a. Suppose you have submitted an order to your broker to buy at market. At what price will your trade be executed? b. Suppose you have submitted an orde
> An analyst estimates that a stock has the following probabilities of return depending on the state of the economy. What is the expected return of the stock?
> Preferred stock yields often are lower than yields on bonds of the same quality because of: a. Marketability b. Risk c. Taxation d. Call protection
> 11) The ________ unit helps prepare photographic exhibits for courtroom presentation. 12) Forensic science is the application of science to the ________. 13) Fingerprinting replaced ________ as a method of personal identification. 14) The ________ ana
> 1) The “father of forensic toxicology” is considered to be ________. 2) ________ undertook the first definitive study of fingerprints and developed a methodology of classifying them for filing. 3) ________ was the first to use a comparison microscope t
> 11) A facial recognition system can be easily tricked by a ________ picture. 12) One of the main problems with retina biometrics is that viable images can be affected by ________. 13) The FBI has contracted the help of ________ to implement and maintai
> 1) The ________ generation module is responsible for saving all of the raw data produced by feature extraction and putting it into a simple and easy-to-read format for the system. 2) Early researchers in facial recognition used ________ to automate fac
> 21) Livor mortis continues for up to ________ hours after death. 22) Time of death can be estimated by measuring the concentration of ________ in the victim’s eye fluids. 23) The ________ of a skeleton can be determined by observing the shape of the pe
> 11) Petechiae are caused by the escaping of blood into the tissue as a result of ________ bursting. 12) A(n) ________ in its broadest definition is simply the examination of a body after death. 13) During decomposition, the body may experience ________
> 1) Disease and environmental abuse fall under the ________ category of manner of death. 2) The goal of a(n) ________ autopsy is to determine the cause and manner of death. 3) Hemorrhages in the eyelids are known as ________. 4) Types of injuries that
> 11) The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible prints, latent prints, and ________ prints. 12) Four common chemical methods for visualizing latent prints are SuperGlue fuming, ninhydrin, physical developer, and ________ fuming. 13) The ana
> 1) Fingerprints are a reproduction of ________ skin ridges found on the palm side of the fingers and thumbs. 2) The identity, number, and relative location of ridge characteristics impart ________ to a fingerprint. 3) Ridge characteristics are also kno
> 11) In general, as the force of the impact on the source of blood increases, the velocity of the blood droplets emanating from the source ________. 12) Drops propelled from a pointed surface will be smaller and the pattern more ________. 13) Cast-off p
> In cooperation with the medical examiner or coroner, what type of evidence is to be retrieved from a deceased victim for examination in the crime laboratory?
> 1) ________ spatter is projected outward and away from the source. 2) In general, as both the force and velocity of impact increase, the diameter of the resulting blood droplets ________. 3) The location of injury, the size of the wound created, the di
> 11) The process of identification requires the adoption of testing procedures that give characteristic results for specific ________ materials. 12) The product rule is used to determine the frequency of occurrence of ________ profiles, typically determi
> 31) The firearms unit may also analyze tool marks. A) True B) False 32) Physical evidence is subject to bias. A) True B) False 33) One major problem in forensic DNA laboratories is the backlog of unanalyzed DNA samples. A) True B) False 34) Region
> 21) Karl Landsteiner and Leone Lattes are associated with the area of blood typing. A) True B) False 22) Dr. Walter C. McCrone made significant contributions to forensic science using the microscope. A) True B) False 23) The increase in crime rates in
> 11) The physical science unit would perform soil and mineral analysis. A) True B) False 12) The comparison of hairs and fibers would be performed in the biology unit. A) True B) False 13) Examining garments and other objects in order to detect firea
> 1) One of the earliest crime laboratories was founded by Albert Osborn. A) True B) False 2) The case of Frye v. United States deals with the legal issue of general acceptance of scientific principles. A) True B) False 3) The administration of a polygra
> 11) The iris is responsible for obtaining a clear picture of what a person is actually seeing. A) True B) False 12) Like iris biometrics, facial recognition scans are intrusive and cannot gain data in a way that is comfortable and hygienic for its users
> 1) There are three main functions of biometrics. A) True B) False 2) Linear discriminant analysis is considered a model-based facial recognition. A) True B) False 3) The military has been using biometrics for an extended period of time to keep sensiti
> 21) Skeletal bones are resistant to rapid decomposition. A) True B) False 22) Forensic entomology is often used to help estimate the time of death. A) True B) False 23) The known sequence of arrival of different insect groups cannot help to determine t
> 11) Another name for a bruise is a contusion. A) True B) False 12) High levels of carbon monoxide are needed to cause a victim to become disoriented. A) True B) False 13) Carbon monoxide levels continue to rise in the body even after death. A) True B)
> What is postmortem redistribution and how do forensic pathologists avoid it?
> 1) It is not feasible for a medical examiner to respond to every death scene in person. A) True B) False 2) A pathologist must examine a body’s wounds to determine if the death was a homicide and if the assailant had intent to kill. A) True B) False 3)
> 11) The three kinds of crime scene fingerprints are visible prints, invisible prints, and latent prints. A) True B) False 12) Soft and porous surfaces are preferably developed by applying fingerprint powder or treating with Superglue. A) True B) False
> 1) Ridge characteristics are ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin. A) True B) False 2) The shape of the boundary formed from dermal papillae determines th
> 11) Voids may help investigators establish the body position of the victim or assailant at the time of the incident. A) True B) False 12) The first transfer pattern will be lighter in color while subsequent transfers will be increasingly dark and heavy
> 1) The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces its direction of travel. A) True B) False 2) A bloodstain that impacts a surface at a low angle with have a shorter tail than one that impacts at a higher angle. A) True B) False 3) Forward spatter is
> 11) Juries often accord scientific evidence lesser weight than other evidence. A) True B) False 12) CODIS is maintained by the FBI and thus does not enable local crime laboratories to electronically exchange and compare DNA profiles. A) True B) False
> 1) Evidence having class characteristics can exonerate an innocent suspect. A) True B) False 2) Determining that an explosive mixture contains dynamite is an example of the process of comparison. A) True B) False 3) The “jigsaw fit” of known and ques
> 31) Evidence may be moved only after investigators have documented its location and appearance in notes, sketches, and photographs. A) True B) False 32) The investigator should not remove trace evidence from items at the crime scene; instead, he or she
> 21) Failure to protect a crime scene properly may result in the destruction or altering of evidence. A) True B) False 22) The first priority of the first officer responding to a crime scene is securing the crime scene. A) True B) False 23) Unauthoriz
> 11) Ordinary mailing envelopes should not be used as evidence containers. A) True B) False 12) Bloodstained materials should be packaged in wrapping paper, manila envelopes, or paper bags. A) True B) False 13) The chain of custody does not usually pl
> Briefly describe the processes of algor mortis, livor mortis, and rigor mortis.
> 1) The obligation to maintain the integrity of evidence belongs to the first police officer at the scene only. A) True B) False 2) The relative evidential value of laboratory test results almost always depends on the way the evidence is collected and p
> 21) Which of the following systems is highly beneficial for law enforcement safety in that it allows for officers to fingerprint individuals they come into contact with quickly to detect whether or not they pose a potential threat? A) MorphoTrak B) IPS C
> 11) Which of the following features would NOT serve as a variable for analysis in biometric facial recognition? A) Cheekbones B) Neck C) Chin D) Widow’s peak 12) Which facial recognition technique uses a sequence of graphs to map the nonlinear relations
> 1) When Apple introduced the iPhone 5s in 2013, what breakthrough technology did this model contain? A) Video recording B) Extended battery life C) Retinal scanning option D) Touch ID 2) What is the most commonly used type of behavioral biometrics? A)
> 41) As the post mortem interval increases, the concentration of potassium in the vitreous humor of the eye: A) Increases. B) Decreases. C) Remains the same. D) Varies based on gender. 42) Which is NOT a manner of death? A) Natural B) Drowning C) H
> 21) Hanging cases will typically display: A) Fracture of the hyoid bone. B) Fracture of the thyroid cartilage. C) Abundance of large petechiae on the eyelids. D) Blue appearance of the face. 22) Which is commonly fractured in strangulation cases? A) Hyo
> 11) Pulmonary edema is frequently found in victims that chronically abuse: A) Marijuana. B) Amphetamines. C) Heroin. D) Alcohol. 12) Beginning an hour after death, the body will lose heat at an approximate rate of: A) 0 — 0.5°F per hour. B) 0.5 — 1°F pe
> 1) What can be used in identifying a deceased individual? A) Fingerprinting B) Dental examination C) Facial reconstruction D) All of the above 2) The death of an individual suffering from chronic alcoholism is ruled: A) Natural. B) Accidental. C) Suicid
> 51) Computerized fingerprint search systems match prints by comparing the position of ________ and ________. A) Loops; arches B) Minutiae; ridge characteristics C) Bifurcations; ridge endings D) Ridges; furrows 52) The image produced from a digital file
> Explain the difference between autolysis and putrefaction. What are these processes dependent on?
> 41) The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the: A) Arch. B) Radial loop. C) Ulnar loop. D) Whorl. 42) A fingerprint pattern having no delta is a(n): A) Arch. B) Loop. C) Plain whorl. D) Central pocket loop. 43) Protein
> 31) In which order should chemical treatments to visualize latent prints be performed? 1. Ninhydrin 2. Iodine fuming 3. Physical developer A) 1, 3, 2 B) 2, 1, 3 C) 3, 1, 2 D) 1, 2, 3 32) Superglue fuming is NOT suitable for use on: A) Cardboard. B
> 21) The FBI’s IAFIS became fully operational in: A) 1977. B) 1989. C) 1991. D) 1999. 22) The AFIS search algorithm determines the degree of ________ between the location and relationship of the minutiae between the questioned fingerprint and those in
> 11) Prints that are not readily visible are commonly referred to as: A) Latent. B) Open. C) Plastic. D) Patent. 12) To permanently alter the fingerprint and produce scars, one must damage the: A) Minutiae. B) Ridges. C) Epidermis. D) Dermal papillae
> 1) Sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area done by: A) Henry. B) Bertillon. C) Vucetich. D) Faulds. 2) The fingerprint classification system used in most English speaking countries was
> 31) Crime-scene reconstruction involves the efforts of all EXCEPT the: A) Trial judge. B) Medical examiner. C) Police. D) Criminalist. 32) The ________ of a bloodstain pattern in a three-dimensional space illustrates the position of the victim or suspec
> 21) Which of the following is of paramount importance in the interpretation of bloodstain patterns? A) The direction of impact B) The surface texture C) The angle of impact D) The amount of blood 22) When an object blocks the deposition of blood spatter
> 11) The pressure of the pumping of oxygenated blood out of an injury causes bright red-colored blood to spurt out and form a(n): A) Void pattern. B) Expirated pattern. C) Projected pattern. D) Both B and C 12) The removal of an object or surface that wa
> 1) The amount of spatter from a blood droplet falling on a hard, non-porous surface is ________ that of a drop of blood of equal size, falling from the same distance, onto a softer, porous surface. A) The same as B) Less than C) Greater than 2) The p
> 21) Which database includes more than 300 manufacturers of shoes with more than 8,000 different sole patterns? A) PDQ B) SICAR C) IAFIS D) CODIS 22) Which source of CODIS contains DNA profiles from unsolved crime scene evidence? A) Offender index B) Nat
> Explain how the presence of certain insects can help a forensic entomologist estimate the time of death
> 11) Evidence having class characteristics can: A) Exonerate an innocent suspect. B) Link a person to a crime with a high degree of certainty. C) Always be fitted together in the manner of a jigsaw puzzle. D) Have no evidential value. 12) If the laborato
> 1) Evidence with individual characteristics can lead to a determination of common origin (single source). Which type of evidence CANNOT yield such results? A) Random striations on tools B) Fingerprints C) Wear patterns on tires D) Single-layer paints
> 31) The removal of any evidence from a person or from the scene of a crime must be done in conformity with the privileges of which amendment to the Constitution? A) Sixth B) Fourth C) Fifth D) First 32) The police are NOT required to obtain a search
> 21) From the choices below, select the one correct physical evidence collection procedure. A) Bloodstained garments should be packaged separately in paper bags. B) Items recovered from the scene of a murder should be sent along with the body to the med
> 11) CAD programs enhance the ability to: A) Take complete notes. B) Develop photographs. C) Edit video footage. D) Produce a finished crime-scene sketch. 12) Which statement about note-taking is NOT true? A) The individual who packaged and marked item
> 1) After providing or obtaining medical assistance for the injured and effecting an arrest of suspects (if possible), the first officer arriving at a crime scene should immediately: A) Search for evidence. B) Secure the scene. C) Make a rough sketch of
> 51) The search pattern that employs two people performing line searches that originate from adjacent corners is: A) Line. B) Grid. C) Spiral. D) Wheel. 52) Which search pattern employs several people moving from the boundary straight toward the center o
> 41) The manner of collecting and preserving physical evidence at a crime scene is determined by: A) The circumstances of the crime. B) The importance of the case. C) The number of evidence collectors present at the crime scene. D) The nature of the evide
> 31) A crime scene which involved the collapse of a structure would be analyzed by specialists in the area of: A) Forensic computer and digital analysis. B) Forensic error analysis. C) Criminalistics. D) Forensic engineering. 32) What factor(s) do(es) th
> 21) Bite marks would be LEAST likely to be found in cases involving: A) Murder. B) Child abuse. C) Arson. D) Sexual abuse. 22) Forensic odontology refers to the study of: A) Drugs. B) Pollen. C) Teeth. D) Bones. 23) Which of the following services are
> Describe the various victim characteristics that can be determined by a forensic anthropologist.
> 11) The oldest forensic laboratory in the United States is that of the: A) N.Y.C. Police Department. B) FBI. C) Los Angeles Police Department. D) Secret Service. 12) Which of the following can be rightfully cited as an explanation for the rapid growth o
> 1) Forensic science is the application of science to: A) Crime scene reconstruction. B) Civil laws. C) Criminal laws. D) Both criminal and civil laws. 2) The fictional character of Sherlock Holmes was created by: A) Dalton. B) Doyle. C) Darwin. D) Dento
> Explain the reasons why it is important to consider the relevance of scientific evidence before allowing it to be introduced into a criminal case.
> For each of the early forensic science methods listed below, denote the more recent technology or discipline which has taken its place for use in forensic science inquiry. a. Identification via anthropometry b. Firearms bullet and cartridge analysis via
> Describe the evidence to be collected and the specialists or crime laboratory units that would be needed to properly analyze the following crime scene and answer the given questions. On Monday, September 26, 2011, a small airplane believed to be transpor
> Discuss why iris biometrics are preferred over retina biometrics.
> Explain the collection steps in gathering biometric data.
> Explain the importance of the forensic pathologist or medical examiner making proper classifications of a victim’s wounds during the autopsy.
> What conclusions about the position of a victim and an attacker can be drawn from the presence of defensive wounds on the forearms and hands of the victim? How about defensive wounds on the legs and feet?
> Discuss how fingerprints on the following surfaces should best be visualized, documented, and preserved. a. Latent fingerprint on a silver-colored butter knife b. Visible fingerprint (black) on the white wall of a house c. Latent fingerprint on a large m
> What is the difference between a visible, plastic, and latent fingerprint? What are three techniques that could be used to develop latent fingerprints?
> Using the description given below of the types of fingerprint patterns on each finger of a suspect, give the primary classification of the individual. Finger Right Hand Left Hand Thumb Whorl Whorl Index Loop Loop Middle Loop Loop Ring
> An investigator is faced with clustered and irregularly colored bloodstain patterns at a crime scene that he believes could have originated from an arterial or oral injury. What characteristics of projected and expirated blood patterns can assist the inv
> What conclusion can be deduced if fine droplets of the victim’s blood are found inside the muzzle of a firearm at an outdoor crime scene, where the victim suffered several gunshot wounds?
> List five examples of each of the following types of physical evidence: biological materials, impressions, and manufactured items.
> Explain how compatibility of forensic databases and a common depository for entries assists forensic investigations.
> Use the product rule to determine the frequency of occurrence of an individual in the population exhibiting a blood sample with the following factors included: Blood Factor ………….. Frequency in the General Population AB …………………………………………………………………………16% Rh
> Indicate whether the types of evidence listed below likely display individual or class characteristics. a. A well-developed and collected latent fingerprint b. Random striations on a discharged bullet c. Single-layer paint chip d. A footwear impression w
> What are three reasons why it is not possible to define a simple analytical scheme that can be applied to all types of evidence?
> If no crime scene analysis is carried out with the death investigation, what types of evidence may never be located and recovered?
> Discuss what information, specifically about timing, is provided by the state of the following searched crime scenes. a. A young woman is found dead near the front door of her home. She had not reported to work at 8 am. The morning newspaper is on the k
> What is primary classification of fingerprints and why is it important? Observe your fingerprints, and write out what pattern is shown on each finger. Calculate the primary classification your fingerprints fall into.
> State which crime scene search pattern(s) would be best utilized for the following crime scene areas. a. One investigator must search a small classroom at a community college. b. Five investigators must search a large cornfield. c. Two investigators must
> List the advantages of incorporating an evidence collection unit into the organizational structure of the crime laboratory.
