Question: Exhibit 5-1 presents the business-segment
Exhibit 5-1 presents the business-segment and geographic-segment information of Lafarge, a French company that uses International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in it consolidated financial statements.
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Required:
Go to the Web site of the International Accounting Standards Board (www.iasb.org) and find the technical summary of IFRS 8, “Operating Segments.†Compare the segment disclosures of Lafarge to the requirements of IFRS 8. Does Lafarge voluntarily report any information beyond the requirements of IFRS 8?
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EXHIBIT 5-1 Segment Disclosures by Lafarge Consolidated Staternents Note 4- Business Segment and Geographic Area Information (a) Business segment information 2008 Aggregates & Concrete (million euros) Cement Gypsum Other Total STATEMENT OF INCOME Gross revenue 11,720 6,580 1,546 29 19,875 Less: intersegment (809) (7) (25) (1) (842) REVENUE 10,911 6,573 1,521 28 19,033 Operating income before capital gains, impairment, restricting. and other Gains on disposals, net Other operating income (expenses) Inciuding impairment on assets and goodwill 2,964 228 (294) 623 36 (81) 3,542 (3) (70) 4 229 (9) (36) (409) (221) (52) (3) (276) OPERATING INCOME 2,898 550 27 (113) 3,362 Finance costs (1,157) Finance income 216 Income from associates 15 13 (35) (3) (479) 1,939 Income taxes NET INCOME OTHER INFORMATION (260) (52) (1,076) Depreciation and amortization Impairment on assets and goodwill Other segment noncash income (expenses) of operating income Capital expenditures Capital employed (700) (80) (3) (36) (221) (276) 10 (3) (44) (37) 2,886 33,265 2,109 556 144 77 25,547 5,503 1,484 731 BALANCE SHEET Segment assets Of which investments in associates Unallocated assets 28,748 6,995 1,866 2,473 40,082 359 21 119 64 563 526 TOTAL ASSETS 40,608 6,230 1,273 398 Segment liabilities Unallocated liabilities and equity" 2,601 1,958 34,378 TOTAL EQUITY AND LIABILITIES 40,608 Deferred tax assets and derinative instruments. "Deferred tax länbility, financial debt, derisatives instruments, and equity.
> Using the information provided in Exercise 2. Calculate Majikstan Enterprises’ net monetary gain or loss in local currency for 2011 based on the following general price-level information. 12/31/10 ……………………………………………………………………………..30,000 Average …………………………
> The comparative historical-cost balance sheets of Majikstan Enterprises for 2010 and 2011 are reproduced below. The accounts are expressed in 000’s of renges (MJR’s). Required: What was the change in Majikstanâ
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> From a user’s perspective, what is the inherent problem in attempting to analyze historical cost-based financial statements of a company domiciled in an inflationary, devaluation-prone country?
> What does double-dipping mean in accounting for foreign inflation?
> How does accounting for foreign inflation differ from accounting for domestic inflation?
> What is a gearing adjustment, and on what ideas is it based?
> As a potential investor in the shares of multinational enterprises, which inflation method, restate-translate or translate-restate, would give you consolidated information most relevant to your decision needs? Which information set is best from the viewp
> Examine Exhibit 1-2 and compute the compounded annual growth rate of merchandise trade versus the global trade in services for the 20 year period beginning 1985 and ending 2005. What implication does your finding have for accounting as a service activity
> Briefly describe the historical-cost-constant purchasing power and current-cost models. How are they similar? How do they differ?
> As more and more companies span the globe in terms of their operating, financing, and investing activities, they will increasingly turn to international financial reporting standards when communicating with domestic and non-domestic financial statement r
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> Inc. In 1993 Icelandic Enterprises was incorporated in Reykjavik to manufacture and distribute women’s cosmetics in Iceland. All of its outstanding stock was acquired at the beginning of 2001 by International Cosmetics, Ltd. (IC), a U.S
> Kashmir Enterprises, an Indian carpet manufacturer, begins the calendar year with the following Indian rupee (INR) balances: During the first week in January, the company acquires additional manufacturing inventories costing INR 2,400,000 on account an
> On December 15, MSC Corporation acquires its first foreign affiliate by acquiring 100 percent of the net assets of the Armaselah Oil Company based in Saudi Arabia for 930,000,000 Saudi Arabian riyals.(SAR). At the time, the exchange rate was $1.00 = SAR3
> A 100 percent–owned foreign subsidiary’s trial balance consists of the accounts listed as follows. Which exchange rate—current, historical, or average—would be used to translate these accounts to parent currency assuming that the foreign currency is the
> Company A is headquartered in Country A and reports in the currency unit of Country A, the Apeso. Company B is headquartered in Country B and reports in the currency unit of Country B, the Bol. Company A and B hold identical assets, Apeso100 and Bol100,
> Use the information provided in Exercise 6. Required: a. What would be the translation effect if Shanghai Corporation’s balance sheet were translated by the temporal method assuming the Chinese yuan appreciates by 25 percent? By the current rate method?
> Re-examine Exhibit 1-1 which describes the outsourcing process for HP’s production of the Proliant ML150. For each leg of the production chain, identify the various accounting and related issues that might arise. EXHIBIT 1-1 Outsou
> Shanghai Corporation, the Chinese affiliate of a U.S. manufacturer, has the balance sheet shown below. The current exchange rate is $.0.15 = CNY1. Required: a. Translate the Chinese dollar balance sheet of Shanghai Corporation into U.S. dollars at the
> Sydney Corporation, an Australian-based multinational, borrowed 10,000,000 euros from a German lender at the beginning of the calendar year when the exchange rate was EUR.60 = AUD1. Before repaying this oneyear loan, Sydney Corporation learns that the Au
> U.S. Multinational Corporation’s subsidiary in Bangkok has on its books fixed assets valued at 7,500,000 baht. One-third of the assets were acquired two years ago when the exchange rate was THB40 = $1. The other fixed assets were acquired last year when
> On January 1, the wholly-owned Mexican affiliate of a Canadian parent company acquired an inventory of computer hard drives for its assembly operation. The cost incurred was 15,000,000 pesos when the exchange rate was MXN11.3 = C$1. By yearend, the Mexic
> On April 1, A. C. Corporation, a calendar-year U.S. electronics manufacturer, buys 32.5 million yen worth of computer chips from the Hidachi Company paying 10 percent down, the balance to be paid in 3 months. Interest at 8 percent per annum is payable on
> Assume that your Japanese affiliate reports sales revenue of 250,000,000 yen. Referring to Exhibit 6-1, translate this revenue figure to U.S. dollars using the direct bid spot rate. Do the same using the indirect spot quote. EXHIBIT 6-1 Sample of Sp
> What do current, historical, and average exchange rates mean in the context of foreign currency translation? Which of these rates give rise to translation gains and losses? Which do not?
> What is the difference between the spot, forward, and swap markets? Illustrate each description with an example.
> How does the treatment of translation gains and losses differ between the current and temporal translation methods under FAS No. 52, and what is the rationale for the differing accounting treatments?
> In what way is foreign currency translation tied to foreign inflation?
> Accounting may be viewed as having three components: measurement, disclosure, and auditing. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this classification? Can you suggest alternative classifications that might be useful?
> What lessons, if any, can be learned from examining the history of foreign currency translation in the United States?
> Under what set of conditions would the temporal method of currency translation be appropriate. Under what set of conditions would the current rate method be appropriate?
> Compare and contrast features of the major foreign currency translation methods introduced in this chapter. Which method do you think is best? Why?
> Briefly explain the nature of foreign currency translation as (a) a restatement process and (b) a remeasurement process.
> What is the difference between a transaction gain or loss and a translation gain or loss?
> A foreign currency transaction can be denominated in one currency, yet measured in another. Explain the difference between these two terms using the case of a Canadian dollar borrowing on the part of a Mexican affiliate of a U.S. parent company that desi
> The Offshore Investment Fund (OIF) was incorporated in Fairfield, Connecticut, for the sole purpose of allowing U.S. shareholders to invest in Spanish securities. The fund is listed on the New York Stock Exchange. The fund custodian is the Shady Rest Ban
> Regents Corporation is a recently acquired U.S. manufacturing subsidiary located on the outskirts of London. Its products are marketed principally in the United Kingdom with sales invoiced in pounds and prices determined by local competitive conditions.
> Exhibit 5-9 ranks 34 countries on earnings opacity. Which five countries have the most surprising placement? Why do you say so? EXHIBIT 5-9 Earnings Opacity Ranking of Countries from Least to Most 25. South Africa 26. Malaysia 27. Italy 28. Pakista
> The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) published its revised Principles of Corporate Governance in 2004. Required: Obtain the document from the OECD Web site (www.oecd.org). a. Outline the six sections of the OECD’s corporate
> Explain how international accounting differs from purely domestic accounting.
> Exhibit 5-8 is the corporate governance disclosure of the Volvo Group. Some of the disclosures relate to independence requirements for the board of directors and audit committee. Required: a. What is the independence requirement for the board of direct
> The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) has developed a set of guidelines for social responsibility reporting. Required: Go to the GRI Web site (www.globalreporting. org) and find its guidelines. The disclosure guidelines are categorized as indicators of
> Corporate social responsibility (CSR), as practiced by business, means many different things. Consider the following: “At one end of the broad span of CSR lie corporate policies that any wellrun company ought to have in place anyway, policies that are ca
> Exhibit 5-4 presents the independent assurance report on Roche’s sustainability reporting. The auditor’s engagement was carried out “in accordance with International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAE) 3000.” Required: a. Go to the World Wide Web
> Exhibit 5-3 presents the safety and environmental disclosure of Roche. Required: Comparing the three years: (1) Which measures show an improved record of safety and environmental protection? (2) Which measures show a worse record of safety and envir
> Exhibit 5-2 presents the employment disclosure of Roche. Required: a. How do the employment levels compare between the periods presented? Where are Roche’s employees located? b. Which regions of the world have the highest turnover ra
> The Outlook section in Daimler’s 2008 annual report may be found at http://ar2008.daimler. com/daimler/annual/2008/gb/English/pdf/ 04_DAI_AR2008_Management-Report.pdf (pp. 82–87). Required: Provide (1) a list of items forecasted (e.g., sales, profits,
> Why are multinational corporations increasingly being held accountable to constituencies other than traditional investor groups?
> The chapter discusses the objectives of investororiented markets: investor protection and market quality. Transparent financial reporting is important for achieving these objectives. What is transparent financial reporting? Explain how transparent financ
> Outsourcing, especially from vendors located abroad, has become a politically sensitive issue, especially in the United States. Do you think this argument has merit? What are the consequences of this debate for international accounting?
> On October 3, 2000, E-centives, incorporated in the United States, made an initial public offering on the Swiss Stock Exchange’s New Market. The company raised approximately US$40 million. E-centive’s offering circular
> Analyze Alibaba’s business model relative to all the different forms of digital and online marketing covered in this chapter.
> Given that Alibaba does not own or distribute any of the merchandise exchanged on its sites, describe what factors had to develop for the company to succeed.
> As a digital retailer, how does Alibaba provide value to Chinese consumers? What sets of values are unique to the Chinese market?
> Should all companies consider reducing their sales forces in favor of telemarketing? Discuss the pros and cons of this action.
> Refer to Appendix 2, Marketing by the Numbers, to determine the marketing return on sales (marketing ROS) and return on marketing investment (marketing ROI) for Company A and Company B in the chart below. Which company is performing better? Explain.
> Many marketers are still learning how to use social media platforms effectively to engage customers in meaningful relationships. Locate three social media platforms used by the Kenneth Cole brand to engage customers. Is the brand’s marketing message cons
> Kenneth Cole believes that his controversial tweets improve business and provoke conversation and awareness. Is this an effective use of social media to engage customers with the brand? Why or why not?
> Discuss advantages and disadvantages of “Buy” buttons for social media sites like Pinterest and search engines like Google. What are the advantages and disadvantages for marketers making their goods available through “Buy” buttons on these sites?
> What competitive advantage does Pinterest (www.pinterest.com) have over other social media that might make its “Buy” button more successful?
> Although mobile advertising makes up a small percentage of online advertising, it is one of the fastest-growing advertising channels. But one obstacle is measuring return on investment in mobile. How are marketers measuring the return on investment in mo
> Visit www.krazycouponlady.com and browse a deal you would consider purchasing. After identifying the deal, conduct an online price comparison at various retailers to determine the range of prices you would typically pay for the product. Present your conc
> In a small group, search the internet to locate a controversial or failed social media campaign. Present an analysis of the failed campaign. Make a recommendation on how to address the controversy.
> What is phishing, and how does it affect internet marketing?
> Discuss the benefits of direct and digital marketing to buyers and sellers.
> Can Alibaba succeed in countries outside of China? Why or why not?
> Identify specific ways SunGard’s transformational plan addresses the different steps of managing the sales force.
> How would the challenges faced by SunGard have impacted sales productivity had the company not initiated its transformational plan?
> What are the positive and negative aspects of SunGard’s new sales force structure?
> At what level of sales would it be more cost efficient for Wheels to use sales agents compared to its own sales force? To determine this, consider the fixed and variable costs for each alternative. What are the pros and cons of using a company’s own sale
> Refer to Appendix 2 to answer this question. Determine the number of salespeople Wheels needs if it has 1,000 bicycle shop accounts that need to be called on four times per year. Each sales call lasts approximately 2.5 hours, and each sales rep has appro
> Read Staples’s code of ethics at www.staples.com/sbd/cre/marketing/staples_soul/documents/staples- code-of-ethics_english.pdf. Is the situation outlined above consistent with Staples’s ethics policies? Is “walking the customer” a violation of the ethics
> Identify three online price-comparison shopping sites or apps and shop for a product you are interested in purchasing. Compare the price ranges given at the three sites. Based on your search, determine a “fair” price for the product.
> A company’s sales force creates and communicates customer value by personally engaging customers and building customer relationships. With its Market Basket approach, was Staples focusing on building customer value and relationships? Explain.
> The profitable growth potential for SnipSnap is in the enterprise market where it provides mobile promotion services to retailers. SnipSnap is working with retailers to create and manage geo-conquesting campaigns. Research what this is and create a prese
> Research other types of apps that rely on smartphone cameras to redeem a sales promotion offer. Explain how they work and how they are similar to and different from SnipSnap.
> In a small group, design a sales promotion campaign using online, social media, and mobile marketing for a small business or organization in your community. Develop a presentation to pitch your campaign to the business or organization and incorporate wha
> What is sales promotion? Discuss its growth as a short-term consumer promotion tool.
> What is social selling, and how is it affecting the sales function in organizations?
> Name and describe the four sales compensation elements. What are the various compensation combinations, and how can they be used to achieve the company’s marketing objectives?
> Will “Selling the SunGard Way” really work? Why or why not?
> Based on the information in this case, how might Allstate measure the effectiveness of the Mayhem campaign?
> Discuss issues of selecting advertising media for the Mayhem campaign. How might this process differ from that of campaigns for other companies?
> Bridgestone Corporation, the world’s largest tire and rubber producer, recently agreed to plead guilty to price-fixing along with 25 other automotive suppliers. What is price-fixing? Discuss other recent examples of price fixing.
> Analyze Allstate’s Mayhem ads based on the process of creating an advertising message as outlined in the text.
> Why has Allstate’s “good hands” slogan withstood the test of time to become advertising’s longest-running slogan?
> Calculate the cost per thousand (CPM) and cost per point (CPP) for each program. How should advertisers use these measures when planning a television media buy?
> How many households are expected to watch each program? C3 Rating 7.9 Program Sunday Night Football The Big Bang Theory The Voice Cost per 30 second spot $594,000 $317,000 $264,575 5.1 3.9 $168,435 $169,730 How I Met Your Mother 3.2 Agents of S.H.I.
> Are the FTC’s current regulations and guidelines regarding online advertising adequate for regulating native advertising and sponsored content? Is it likely that the FTC will issue new guidelines or regulations? Explain.
> Are companies responsible for ensuring consumers understand and can distinguish between sponsored content and other content? Explain.
> Mobile advertising is one of the fastest growing sectors of digital advertising, but how is mobile advertising effectiveness measured?
> Compare and contrast Facebook’s, Google’s, and Twitter’s ad networks. Which is most effective for advertisers?
> In early 2016, the Wounded Warrior Project suffered a major blow to its fundraising when reports surfaced suggesting that the nonprofit organization spent too much of its money on travel, conferences, and high-end events rather than direct assistance to
> Search YouTube for three of your favorite television commercials, each using a different execution style. For each ad, identify the execution style used and the audience targeted. Is it a good ad? Be prepared to present the commercials and support your c
> What channel design decisions do manufacturers face for maximum effectiveness?
> What is an advertising agency? Discuss the changes in advertising agencies today compared with how they operated in the past?
> Discuss how marketers can break through the cluttered advertising environment.
