Question: Refer to Exercise 14-20. The results

> When setting a transfer price for goods that are sold across international boundaries, what factors should management consider?

> How does the choice of a transfer price affect the operating profits of both segments involved in an intracompany transfer? Why is the choice of a transfer price important if the total profits of the firm are unaffected by this choice?

> Would process costing work well for a service firm? Why or why not?

> Alpha Division and Beta Division are both profit centers. Alpha has no external markets for its one product, an electrical component. Beta uses the component but cannot purchase it from any other source. What transfer pricing system would you recommend f

> What should an effective transfer pricing system accomplish in a decentralized organization?

> What is the general transfer pricing rule? What is the transfer price that results from this rule when: a. There is a perfect market for the product? b. The selling division is operating below capacity?

> What are the advantages and disadvantages of a negotiated transfer price system?

> What is the basis for choosing between actual and standard costs for cost-based transfer pricing?

> When would you advise a firm to use prices other than market prices for interdivisional transfers?

> When would you advise a firm to use direct intervention to set transfer prices? What are the disadvantages of such a practice?

> What are the limitations of market-based transfer prices? What are the limitations of cost-based transfer prices?

> Assume that all of the information is the same as in Integrative Case 15-43, but instead of receiving only one outside bid, Logistics receives two. The new bid is from World Services for $195 per hundred pounds. World has offered to use Air Cargo for tra

> By using economic value-added, we avoid managers focusing on short-term gains like they would with accounting income. Do you agree with this statement?

> When using the weighted-average method of process costing, total equivalent units produced for a given period equal: a. The number of units started and completed during the period plus the number of units in beginning work in process plus the number of u

> “If every division manager maximizes divisional income, we will maximize firm income. Therefore, divisional income is the best performance measure.” Comment.

> A company prepares the master budget by taking each division manager’s estimate of revenues and costs for the coming period and entering the data into the budget without adjustment. At the end of the year, division managers are given a bonus if their act

> What are the dangers of using only business unit measures to evaluate the performance of business unit managers?

> How does EVA differ from residual income?

> What are the advantages of using an ROI-type measure rather than the absolute value of division profits as a performance evaluation technique for business units?

> By using economic value-added, we avoid managers focusing on short-term gains like they would with accounting income. Do you agree with this statement?

> “If every division manager maximizes divisional income, we will maximize firm income. Therefore, divisional income is the best performance measure.” Comment.

> A company prepares the master budget by taking each division manager’s estimate of revenues and costs for the coming period and entering the data into the budget without adjustment. At the end of the year, division managers are given a bonus if their act

> What are the dangers of using only business unit measures to evaluate the performance of business unit managers?

> How does EVA differ from residual income?

> In computing the cost per equivalent unit, the weighted-average method considers: a. Current costs only. b. Current costs plus costs in beginning WIP inventory. c. Current costs plus the cost of ending WIP inventory. d. Current costs less costs in beginn

> What are the advantages of using an ROI-type measure rather than the absolute value of division profits as a performance evaluation technique for business units?

> I thought evaluating performance would be easier than this. I have three vice presidents, operating the same business in three different countries. I need to be able to compare them in order to prepare compensation recommendations to the board. The probl

> Biddle Company uses EVA to evaluate the performance of division managers. For the Wallace Division, after-tax divisional income was $400,000 in year 3. The company adjusts the after-tax income for advertising expenses. First, it adds the annual advertisi

> Suwon Pharmaceuticals invests heavily in research and development (R&D), although it must currently treat its R&D expenditures as expenses for financial accounting purposes. To encourage investment in R&D, Suwon evaluates its division managers using EVA.

> Several years ago, Seville Company acquired Salvador Components. Prior to the acquisition, Salvador manufactured and sold automotive components to third-party customers. Since becoming a division of Seville, Salvador has manufactured components only for

> Division managers at Asher Company are granted a wide range of decision authority. With the exception of managing cash, which is done at corporate headquarters, divisions are responsible for sales, pricing, production, costs of operations, and management

> Refer to the facts in Problem 14–39. Assume that Pitt’s performance measurement and bonus plans are based on residual income instead of ROI. Pitt uses a cost of capital of 12 percent in computing residual income. In Problem 14–39 Refer to the facts in P

> Refer to the facts in Problem 14–37. Assume that Pitt’s performance measurement and bonus plans are based on residual income instead of ROI. Pitt uses a cost of capital of 12 percent in computing residual income. In Problem 14–37 Oscar Clemente is the m

> Oscar Clemente (Problem 14–37) is still assessing the problem of whether to acquire LSI’s assembly machine. He learns that the new machine could be acquired next year, but if he waits until then, it will cost 15 percent more. The salvage value would stil

> Refer to the data in Exercise 14-34. In Exercise 14-34 Back Mountain Industries (BMI) has two divisions: East and West. BMI has a cost-of-capital of 15%. Selected financial information (in thousands of dollars) for the first year of business follows:

> By mistake, the production supervisor transposed the digits on the production report and reported a higher percentage of completion for each inventory component. Assume that there was no beginning inventory. What is the effect of this error on the follow

> Refer to the data in Exercise 14-34. In Exercise 14-34 Back Mountain Industries (BMI) has two divisions: East and West. BMI has a cost-of-capital of 15%. Selected financial information (in thousands of dollars) for the first year of business follows:

> Back Mountain Industries (BMI) has two divisions: East and West. BMI has a cost-of-capital of 15%. Selected financial information (in thousands of dollars) for the first year of business follows: a R&D is assumed to benefit two periods. All R&D

> Upper Division of Lower Company acquired an asset with a cost of $600,000 and a four-year life. The cash flows from the asset, considering the effects of inflation, were scheduled as follows: Year ________________Cash Flow 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

> Refer to the information in Exercise 14-30. In computing ROI, this division uses end-of-year asset values. Assume that all cash flows increase 10 percent at the end of each year. This has the following effect on the assets’ replacement

> Refer to the data in Exercise 14-30. Assume that the division uses beginning-of-year asset values in the denominator for computing ROI. In Exercise 14-30 The Caribbean Division of Mega-Entertainment Corporation just started operations. It purchased depr

> The Caribbean Division of Mega-Entertainment Corporation just started operations. It purchased depreciable assets costing $30 million and having a four-year expected life, after which the assets can be salvaged for $6 million. In addition, the division h

> Refer to the facts in Exercise 14-28, but assume that Noonan has been leasing the machine for $60,000 annually. Assume also that the machine generates income of $42,000 annually after the lease payment. Noonan can cancel the lease on the machine without

> Noonan Division has total assets (net of accumulated depreciation) of $3,300,000 at the beginning of year 1. One of the assets is a machine that has a net book value of $300,000. Expected divisional income in year 1 is $495,000 including $42,000 in incom

> Refer to the information in Exercises 14-25 and 14-26. In Exercises 14-25 and 14-26 Ocean Division currently earns $780,000 and has divisional assets of $3.9 million. The division manager is considering the acquisition of a new asset that will add to pr

> Ocean Division currently earns $780,000 and has divisional assets of $3.9 million. The division manager is considering the acquisition of a new asset that will add to profit. The investment has a cost of $675,000 and will have a yearly cash flow of $168,

> Under which of the following conditions will the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method of process costing produce the same cost of goods manufactured as the weighted-average method? a. When goods produced are homogeneous. b. When there is no beginning invent

> The following data are available for two divisions of Solomons Company: The cost of capital for the company is 8 percent. Ignore taxes. Required a. If Solomons measures performance using ROI, which division had the better performance? b. If Solomons m

> A division is considering the acquisition of a new asset that will cost $720,000 and have a cash flow of $252,000 per year for each of the four years of its life. Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis with no salvage value. Ignore taxes. Req

> Eastern Merchants shows the following information for its two divisions for year 1: Required Compute divisional operating income for the two divisions. Ignore taxes. How well have these divisions performed? Eastern Western Sales revenue Cost of sal

> “Residual income solves some of the problems with ROI, but because it is an absolute number, it is difficult to compare divisions. We should use residual income divided by assets and then we would have the best of both measures.” Do you agree with this s

> “Every one of our company’s divisions has a return on investment in excess of our cost of capital. Our company must be a blockbuster.” Comment on this statement.

> Management of Division A is evaluated based on residual income measures. The division can either rent or buy a certain asset. Might the performance evaluation technique have an impact on the rent-or-buy decision? Why or why not? Will your answer change i

> “I think that EVA is the best performance measure. I am going to recommend that we evaluate all managers, of plants, divisions, subsidiaries, up to the chief executive officer (CEO), using it.” Do you think this statement is appropriate? Explain.

> How would you respond to the following comment? “Residual income and economic value added are identical.”

> “Failure to invest in projects is not a problem when you use ROI. If there is a good project, corporate headquarters will just tell the division manager to invest.” What are the difficulties with this view?

> A friend owns and operates a consulting firm that works for a single client under one consulting agreement. The consulting firm bills the client monthly for charges incurred. She asks you whether you would recommend a job costing or process costing syste

> The chapter identified some problems with ROI-type measures and suggested that residual income reduces some of them. Why do you think that ROI is a more common performance measure in practice than residual income?

> What problems might there be if the same methods used to compute firm income are used to compute divisional income? Does your answer depend on the type of business a firm is in?

> What impact does the use of gross book value or net book value in the investment base have on the computation of ROI?

> How does residual income differ from ROI?

> Give an example in which the use of ROI measures might lead the manager to make a decision that is not in the firm’s interests.

> How is divisional income like income computed for the firm? How is it different?

> What are the advantages of divisional income as a business unit performance measure? What are the disadvantages?

> The following exchange occurred just after the finance staff at Diversified Electronics rejected a capital investment proposal. David Parker (Product Development): I just don’t understand why you rejected my proposal. We can expect to m

> Refer to Problem 9-51. Jean Sharpe decides to gather additional data to identify the cause of overhead costs and figure out which products are most profitable. She notices that $30,000 of the overhead originated from the equipment used. She decides to in

> Chocolate Bars, Inc. (CBI), manufactures creamy deluxe chocolate candy bars. The firm has developed three distinct products: Almond Dream, Krispy Krackle, and Creamy Crunch. CBI is profitable, but management is quite concerned about the profitability of

> We have discussed two methods for process costing, weighted average and FIFO. Your colleague recommends last-in, first-out (LIFO) process costing to the controller as a new system. The controller is concerned about the recommendation because the cost rec

> Brighton, Inc., manufactures kitchen tiles. The company recently expanded, and the controller believes that it will need to borrow cash to continue operations. It began negotiating for a one-month bank loan of $500,000 starting May 1. The bank would char

> The MBO technique has been criticized for putting too much emphasis on achieving goals (ends) and not enough on the methods that people use to achieve them (means). Do you think this is a flaw in the technique, or in the way managers apply it? How would

> Why is self-awareness important for being a good manager? Can you think of some negative consequences that might result from a manager with low self-awareness?

> Both China and India are rising economic powers. How might your approach to doing business with China, a communist country, be different from your approach to doing business with India, the world’s most populous democracy? In which country would you expe

> Use Herzberg’s two-factor theory to explain why motivation seems to be high and turnover low at Mars, based on the information provided in the chapter opening example.

> What specifically would the experience of living and working in another country contribute to your skills and effectiveness as a manager in your own country?

> Do you think it is wise for a top executive to fire a manager who is bringing in big sales and profits for the company but not living up to a cultural value of “showing respect for employees”? Explain.

> How might the social value of low versus high power distance influence how you would lead and motivate employees? What about the value of low versus high performance orientation?

> Why do you think empowerment increases motivation? Do you see any ways in which a manager’s empowerment efforts might contribute to demotivation among employees? Discuss.

> Describe the primary differences between manufacturing and service technology. How do these differences influence the type of structure that will be most effective?

> Do you think it’s possible for someone to develop a global mindset if they never live outside their native country? How might they do that?

> 1. What evidence do you see of a global mindset in these managers? List at least three examples of global thinking provided in the video. 2. Referencing the common traits of an MNC described in the text, explain why you think Black Diamond is or is not

> Walt Disney Company has four major strategic business units: movies (including Pixar and Touchstone), theme parks (Walt Disney World and Disneyland), consumer products (the Disney Store), and television (the ABC/Disney Television Group and ESPN). Place e

> What is the virtual network approach to structure? Is the use of authority and responsibility different compared with other forms of departmentalization? Explain.

> Why do you think research has shown that idea champions are so essential to the initiation of change? Could they be equally important for implementation?

> A new business venture must develop a comprehensive business plan to borrow money to get started. Companies such as FedEx and Nike say they did not follow the original plan closely. Does that mean that developing the plan was a waste of time for these ev

> A manager of an international chemical company said that few new products in her company were successful. What would you advise the manager to do to help increase the company’s success rate?

> As a manager, how might you deal with an employee who is always displaying negative emotions that affect the rest of the team? How might you use an understanding of attributions and emotional contagion to help you decide what to do?

> Somnio, a start-up running shoe company in California, decided to start selling its products around the world from the very beginning. In general terms, name some of the challenges a start-up company such as Somnio might face internationally.

> Do you think it is realistic that BOP business practices can have a positive effect on poverty and other social problems in developing countries? Discuss.

> Why do you think many people are so frightened by globalization? Based on what is occurring in the world today, do you expect the globalization backlash to grow stronger or weaker over the next decade?

> Do you think it makes sense for a company such as Sears Holdings Corp., which has numerous shabby Sears and Kmart stores in need of makeovers, to focus resources on building the online business at the expense of its bricks-and-mortar business? Discuss.

> The openness of wikis is both their strength and their weakness. As a business owner, why might you want to take advantage of this new technology? How might you guard against its potential problems, such as vulnerability to mistakes, pranks, self-serving

> Which of the four components of emotional intelligence do you consider most important to an effective manager in today’s world? Why?

> Should a multinational corporation operate as a tightly integrated, worldwide business system, or would it be more effective to let each national subsidiary operate autonomously? Why?

> Aaron Alexis, the former Navy reservist who went on a shooting rampage in September 2013 and killed 12 people at the Washington Navy Yard in Washington D.C., had a history of mental instability, but he was carrying a valid security clearance. How would y

> Big data analytics programs (analyzing massive data sets to make decisions) use gigantic computing power to quantify trends that would be beyond the grasp of human observers. As this use of this quantitative analysis increases, do you think it may decrea

> What is ISO certification? Why would a global company like General Electric want ISO certification?

> Why do some organizations seem to have a new CEO every year or two, whereas others have top leaders who stay with the company for many years (e.g., John Chambers at Cisco)? What factors about the manager or about the company might account for this differ

> Why do you think Mary Parker Follett’s ideas tended to be popular with business people of her day, but were ignored by management scholars? Why are her ideas appreciated more today?

> How might the teaching of a management course be designed to help people make the transition from individual performer to manager in order to prepare them for the challenges they will face as new managers?

> What do you think is your dominant decision style? Is your style compatible with group techniques such as brainstorming and engaging in rigorous debate? Discuss.